科士达UPS电源从主电路结构和不间断供电的运行机制来看,目前技术成熟并已经形成产品主要有四大类:后备式科士达UPS电源,在线互动式科士达UPS电源,双变换在现实科士达UPS电源以及双向变换串并联补偿在线式UPS。
科士达UPS电源通常由输入整流滤波电路、功率因数校正电路、蓄电池组、充电电路、逆变电路、静态开关电路、控制检测见识及保护电路共7个部分组成。
科士达UPS电源输入整流滤波电路
科士达UPS电源中,常用的整流电路有单相不可控和可控整流电路、三相不可控和可控整流电路。滤波器可分为电容输入或电感输入两种。电容输入滤波器的输出电压较高,但要求变压器输出的缝制电流较大,且负载调整交。电感输入滤波器的输出特定较好,但需要较大的扼流圈且成本较高。目前UPS中通常采用电容和电感组成的LC滤波器。
From the point of view of the main circuit structure and the operation mechanism of uninterrupted power supply, the current technology is mature and has formed four main types of products: backup Corstal UPS power supply, on-line interactive Corstal UPS power supply, Dual-Conversion in reality Corstal UPS power supply and two-way conversion series-parallel compensation on-line UPS.
Corstal UPS power supply is usually composed of seven parts: input rectifier filter circuit, power factor correction circuit, battery group, charging circuit, inverter circuit, static switch circuit, control detection knowledge and protection circuit.
Input Rectifier and Filter Circuit of Corstal UPS Power Supply
In Kosta UPS power supply, the common rectifier circuits are single-phase uncontrollable and controllable rectifier circuit, three-phase uncontrollable and controllable rectifier circuit. The filter can be divided into capacitance input and inductance input. The output voltage of the capacitor input filter is higher, but the sewing current of the transformer is larger and the load is adjusted alternately. The output of the inductance input filter is specific and good, but it needs larger choke coil and has higher cost. At present, LC filters consisting of capacitors and inductors are usually used in UPS.
科士达UPS电源功率因数校正电路
科士达UPS电源中,交流市电经整流后都采用大容量电容器进行滤波,而且整流电路输出端还并联有蓄电池。在电容器或蓄电池充电期间将形成脉冲电流。该电流峰值很高,会产生高次谐波电流并导致功率因数下降,功率因数校正电路可使电网输入电流变为与输入电压同相位的正弦波。
科士达UPS电源蓄电池组
蓄电池组是科士达UPS电源的心脏。市电正常时,蓄电池充电,将电能转化为化学能,并储藏起来,市电中断时,UPS蓄电池中电量维持逆变器工作。目前,中小型UPS中广泛使用阀控铅酸蓄电池。在长延时(4h或8h)的UPS中,蓄电池的成本甚至超过主机的成本。正确使用蓄电池组,对延长蓄电池的使用寿命只管重要。使用正确,阀控铅酸电池的寿命可达10年以上。
科士达UPS电源充电电路
科士达UPS电源中,一般充电电路都是独立工作的,也就是说,即使不使用逆变器,只要将交流电源接通,充电电路就开始工作,在充电过程中,首先采用恒流充电,当蓄电池的电压达到浮充电压后,再转为恒压充电,直到电池被充足。因此,充电电路一般有两个反馈回路,一个做电流反馈,一个做电压反馈。主电路一般采用开关型整流电路。为了缩短充电时间,各种快速充电电路在UPS中也得到应用。
科士达UPS电源逆变电路
逆变器的作用是将市电整流后的直流电压或蓄电池电压变换成交流电压。在后备式UPS中,逆变器输出电压波形一般为准方波;在在线式科士达UPS电源,中,逆变器输出电压多为正弦波脉宽调制(SPWM)波形,该波形经LC滤波器滤波后,可得到标准正弦波。
Corstal UPS Power Factor Correction Circuit
In Kosta UPS power supply, AC power is filtered by large capacity capacitors after rectification, and the output terminal of rectifier circuit is also connected with batteries in parallel. Pulse current will be formed during the charging of capacitors or batteries. The peak value of the current is very high, which will produce high harmonic current and lead to the decrease of power factor. The power factor correction circuit can make the input electrorheology of the power grid into sinusoidal wave in phase with the input voltage.
Corstal UPS Power Battery Set
Battery pack is the heart of Kosta UPS power supply. When the city electricity is normal, the battery is charged, the electric energy is converted into chemical energy, and stored. When the city electricity is interrupted, the power in UPS battery maintains the inverters working. At present, VRLA batteries are widely used in small and medium-sized UPS. In UPS with long delay (4h or 8h), the cost of batteries is even higher than that of mainframe. Correct use of batteries is very important for prolonging the service life of batteries. The service life of VRLA batteries can reach more than 10 years if they are used correctly.
Corstal UPS Power Charging Circuit
In Kosta UPS power supply, the charging circuit generally works independently. That is to say, even if no inverter is used, as long as AC power is connected, the charging circuit will start to work. In the charging process, constant current charging is used first, and when the battery voltage reaches the floating charging voltage, it will be changed to constant voltage charging until the battery is sufficient. Therefore, charging circuits generally have two feedback loops, one for current feedback and the other for voltage feedback. Switching rectifier circuit is generally used in the main circuit. In order to shorten the charging time, various fast charging circuits are also used in UPS.
Costa UPS Power Supply Inverter Circuit
The function of the inverters is to convert the DC voltage or battery voltage after rectification into AC voltage. In backup UPS, the output voltage waveform of the inverters is quasi-square wave; in on-line Corstal UPS power supply, the output voltage of the inverters is mostly sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) waveform, which can be filtered by LC filters to obtain standard sinusoidal wave.
科士达UPS电源静态开关电路
静态开关的作用是保护科士达UPS电源和负载,并实现市电旁路供电和逆变器供电的转换。UPS过载是,为了保护逆变器,当市电正常时,UPS通过静态开关将输出有逆变器转换到市电;当逆变器出现故障时,为了保证负载不断电,UPS的输出也通过静态开关输出切换到市电。由于UPS内部一般都有同步锁相电路,同时静态开关转换时间段,因此在转换过程中不会出现供电间断。小型UPS一般采用快速继电器作为静态开关,大、中型UPS则采用反响并联的快速晶闸管作为静态开关。
科士达UPS电源监控、检测、显示保护电路
科士达UPS电源输出电压的精度、波形失真度以及工作可靠性均与控制电路密切相关。控制电路主要有SPWM产生电路,闭环调压电路、同步锁相电路等。为了UPS可靠工作,还应具有较完善的保护电路。一般的UPS中都有电池电压过低自动保护电路、市电电压过高自动和UPS延迟启动自动保护电路等。为了随时掌握和了解工作状态及其运行情况,UPS中还设有监测电路、显示电路及报警电路。
科士达UPS电源的分类:
1.按照功率分类:<5KVA,5-20KVA,>20KVA
2.按照输入输出电压分类:单相UPS,三相UPS
3.按照安装方式分类:塔式,机架式。
4.按照技术分类:后备,在线互动式,双变换在线式,Delta变换式。
5.按照结构分:模块化UPS,固定功率UPS,类模块化UPS
6.固定功率在线式分类:工频机,IGBT整流器+传统逆变器(过渡技术),高频机
1.2.1按电路主结构分类
(1)后备式科士达UPS电源
(2)在线式科士达UPS电源
(3)串并联调整式UPS
(4)在线互动式科士达UPS电源
Static Switching Circuit of Corstal UPS Power Supply
The function of the static switch is to protect the UPS power supply and load of Costa, and to realize the conversion of bypass power supply and inverter power supply. UPS overload is to protect the inverters, when the power supply is normal, UPS converts the output of the inverters to the power supply through the static switch; when the inverters fail, in order to ensure the power supply of the load, the output of UPS is also switched to the power supply through the static switch output. Because UPS generally has synchronous phase-locked circuit and static switching time period, there will be no power supply interruption in the conversion process. Small UPS usually uses fast relay as static switch, while large and medium UPS uses fast thyristor with parallel response as static switch.
Corstal UPS Power Supply Monitoring, Detection and Display Protection Circuit
The accuracy of output voltage, waveform distortion and reliability of Kosta UPS power supply are closely related to the control circuit. The main control circuits are SPWM generation circuit, closed-loop voltage regulation circuit and synchronous phase-locked circuit. In order to work reliably, UPS should also have perfect protection circuit. In general UPS, there are automatic protection circuits for low battery voltage, high market voltage and delayed start of UPS. In order to keep abreast of the working state and its operation, UPS also has monitoring circuit, display circuit and alarm circuit.
Classification of Corstal UPS Power Supply:
1. According to power classification: <5KVA, 5-20KVA, >20KVA
2. Classification according to input and output voltage: single-phase UPS, three-phase UPS
3. Classify according to installation mode: tower type, rack type.
4. According to the classification of technology: backup, online interactive, dual transformation online, Delta transformation.
5. According to structure: modular UPS, fixed power UPS, class modular UPS
6. On-line Classification of Fixed Power: Power Frequency Machine, IGBT Rectifier + Traditional Inverter (Transition Technology), High Frequency Machine
1.2.1 Classified by Main Circuit Structure
(1) Backup Corstal UPS Power Supply
(2) On-line Costa UPS power supply
(3) Series-parallel adjustable UPS
(4) On-line Interactive Corstal UPS Power Supply
1.2.2按后备时间分类
(1)标准机
(2)长效机
1.2.3按输入/输出方式分类
(1)单相输入/单相输出UPS(小功率UPS)
(2)三相输入/单相输出UPS(中、大功率UPS)
(3)三相输入/三相输出UPS(中、大功率UPS)
对于用户来说,采用三相供电时市电配电和负载配电比较容易,每一相都承载一部分负载电流。
1.2.4
科士达UPS电源按输出波形分类
(1)正弦波科士达UPS电源
(2)方波科士达UPS电源
不适合带感性负载,会使方波产生瞬态尖波,从而给UPS和负载设备造成破坏,大多数后备式UPS的输出波形为方波。
1.2.5按输出容量分类
(1)微型UPS(输出功率小于或等于1kVA)
(2)小型UPS(输出功率大于1kVA而小于5kVA)
(3)中型UPS(输出功率大于5kVA而小于或等于30kVA)
(4)大型UPS(输出功率大于30kVA而小于或等于100kVA)。
1.3技术成熟并已形成产品的UPS,按技术性能的优劣来排序
(1)双变换在线式科士达UPS电源
(2)串并联调整式科士达UPS电源(Delta变换器)
(3)在线互动式科士达UPS电源
(4)后备式正弦波科士达UPS电源
(5)后备式方波科士达UPS电源
一、保持适宜的环境温度。影响蓄电池寿命的重要因素是环境温度,一般电池生产厂家要求的最佳环境温度是在20-25℃之间。虽然温度的升高对电池放电能力有所提高,但付出的代价却是电池的寿命大大缩短。据试验测定,环境温度一旦超过25℃,每升高10℃,电池的寿命就要缩短一半。目前UPS所用的蓄电池一般都是免维护的密封铅酸蓄电池,设计寿命普遍是5年,这在电池生产厂家要求的环境下才能达到。达不到规定的环境要求,其寿命的长短就有很大的差异。另外,环境温度的提高,会导致电池内部化学活性增强,从而产生大量的热能,又会反过来促使周围环境温度升高,这种恶性循环,会加速缩短电池的寿命。
二、科士达UPS电源定期充电放电。科士达UPS电源中的浮充电压和放电电压,在出厂时均已调试到额定值,而放电电流的大小是随着负载的增大而增加的,使用中应合理调节负载,比如控制微机等电子设备的使用台数。一般情况下,负载不宜超过UPS额定负载的60%。在这个范围内,电池的放电电流就不会出现过度放电。
Classification by reserve time
(1) standard machine
(2) long acting machine
1.2.3 Classified by Input/Output Mode
(1) Single-phase input/single-phase output UPS (low power UPS)
(2) Three-phase input/single-phase output UPS (medium and high power UPS)
(3) Three-phase input/three-phase output UPS (medium and high power UPS)
For users, it is easy to distribute electricity and load when using three-phase power supply. Each phase carries a part of load current.
1.2.4
Corstal UPS power supply is classified by output waveform
(1) Sinusoidal Corstal UPS Power Supply
(2) Square Boscotta UPS Power Supply
It is not suitable for inductive load, which will cause square wave to produce transient sharp wave, which will damage UPS and load equipment. The output waveform of most backup UPS is square wave.
1.2.5 by output capacity
(1) Miniature UPS (output power less than or equal to 1 kVA)
(2) Small UPS (output power greater than 1KA and less than 5KA)
(3) Medium-sized UPS (output power greater than 5KA and less than or equal to 30KA)
(4) Large UPS (output power greater than 30KA and less than or equal to 100KA).
1.3 UPS with mature technology and formed products, ranked according to the merits and demerits of technical performance
(1) On-line Costa UPS power supply with Dual-Conversion
(2) Series-Parallel Adjusted Corstal UPS Power Supply (Delta Converter)
(3) On-line Interactive Corstal UPS Power Supply
(4) Backup Sinusoidal UPS Power Supply
(5) Backup Square Boxstadt UPS Power Supply
1. Keep the appropriate environmental temperature. Environmental temperature is an important factor affecting the life of battery. The optimum ambient temperature required by battery manufacturers is between 20 and 25 degrees centigrade. Although the discharge capacity of batteries is improved with the increase of temperature, the cost is that the life of batteries is greatly shortened. According to the test results, once the ambient temperature exceeds 25 C, the battery life will be reduced by half for every 10 C increase. At present, UPS batteries are generally maintenance-free sealed lead-acid batteries. Their design life is generally five years, which can be achieved only under the environment required by battery manufacturers. If it fails to meet the required environmental requirements, its life span will vary greatly. In addition, the increase of ambient temperature will lead to the increase of chemical activity inside the battery, which will generate a lot of heat energy, and in turn will promote the increase of ambient temperature. This vicious cycle will accelerate the shortening of battery life.
2. The UPS power supply of Costa regularly charges and discharges. The floating charge voltage and discharge voltage of Kosta UPS power supply have been debugged to the rated value at the time of leaving the factory. The discharge current increases with the increase of the load. The load should be adjusted reasonably in use, such as controlling the number of electronic devices such as microcomputers. Normally, the load should not exceed 60% of the UPS rated load. Within this range, the discharge current of the battery will not be excessive discharge.
科士达UPS电源因长期与市电相连,在供电质量高、很少发生市电停电的使用环境中,蓄电池会长期处于浮充电状态,日久就会导致电池化学能与电能相互转化的活性降低,加速老化而缩短使用寿命。因此,一般每隔2-3个月应完全放电一次,放电时间可根据蓄电池的容量和负载大小确定。一次全负荷放电完毕后,按规定再充电8小时以上。
三、科士达UPS电源利用通讯功能。目前,绝大多数大、中型UPS都具备与微机通讯和程序控制等可操作性能。在微机上安装相应的软件,通过串/并口连接UPS,运行该程序,就可以利用微机与UPS进行通讯。一般具有信息查询、参数设置、定时设定、自动关机和报警等功能。通过信息查询,可以获取市电输入电压、科士达UPS电源输出电压、负载利用率、电池容量利用率、机内温度和市电频率等信息;通过参数设置,可以设定UPS基本特性、电池可维持时间和电池用完告警等。通过这些智能化的操作,大大方便了UPS电源及其蓄电池的使用管理。
四、科士达UPS电源及时更换废/坏电池。目前大中型UPS电源配备的蓄电池数量,从3只到80只不等,甚至更多。这些单个的电池通过电路连接构成电池组,以满足UPS直流供电的需要。在UPS连续不断的运行使用中,因性能和质量上的差别,个别电池性能下降、储电容量达不到要求而损坏是难免的。当电池组中某个/些电池出现损坏时,维护人员应当对每只电池进行检查测试,排除损坏的电池。更换新的电池时,应该力求购买同厂家同型号的电池,禁止防酸电池和密封电池、不同规格的电池混合使用。
科士达UPS电源日常维护与检修:
科士达UPS电源在正常使用情况下,主机的维护工作很少,主要是防尘和定期除尘。特别是气候干燥的地区,空气中的灰粒较多,机内的风机会将灰尘带入机内沉积、当遇空气潮湿时会引起主机控制紊乱造成主机工作失常,并发生不准确告警,大量灰尘也会造成器件散热不好。一般每季度应彻底清洁一次。其次就是在除尘时,检查各连接件和插接件有无松动和接触不牢的情况。
(2)虽说储能电池组目前都采用了免维护电池,但这只是免除了以往的测比、配比、定时添加蒸馏水的工作。但外因工作状态对电池的影响并没有改变,不正常工作状态对电池造成的影响没有变,这部分的维护检修工作仍是非常重要的,科士达UPS电源系统的大量维修检修工作主要在电池部分。
a.科士达UPS电源储能电池的工作全部是在浮充状态,在这种情况下至少应每年进行一次放电。放电前应先对电池组进行均衡充电,以达全组电池的均衡。要清楚放电前电池组已存在的落后电池。放电过程中如有一只达到放电终止电压时,应停止放电,继续放电先消除落后电池后再放。
b.科士达UPS电源核对性放电,不是首先追求放出容量的百分之多少,而是要关注发现和处理落后电池,经对落后电池处理后再作核对性放电实验。这样可防止事故,以免放电中落后电池恶化为反极电池。
Because of its long-term connection with municipal power supply, in the environment of high quality power supply and few blackouts, the storage battery will be in a floating charging state for a long time, which will lead to the decrease of the activity of the conversion between chemical energy and electric energy, accelerate aging and shorten the service life of the battery. Therefore, the discharge should be completed every 2-3 months, and the discharge time can be determined according to the capacity and load size of the battery. After discharge of a full load, recharge for more than 8 hours according to regulations.
Third, Kosta UPS power supply utilizes communication function. At present, the vast majority of large and medium-sized UPS have the operability of communication with microcomputers and program control. The corresponding software is installed on the computer, and UPS is connected through serial/parallel ports. By running the program, the computer can communicate with UPS. Generally, it has the functions of information inquiry, parameter setting, timing setting, automatic shutdown and alarm. Through information inquiry, information such as input voltage, output voltage of Kosta UPS power supply, load utilization ratio, battery capacity utilization ratio, in-machine temperature and city power frequency can be obtained. Through parameter setting, basic characteristics of UPS, battery maintenance time and battery exhaustion alarm can be set. Through these intelligent operations, it greatly facilitates the use and management of UPS power supply and its batteries.
Fourthly, COSTAR UPS power supply should replace waste/bad batteries in time. At present, the number of batteries equipped with large and medium UPS power supply varies from 3 to 80, or even more. These individual batteries form battery packs through circuit connections to meet the needs of UPS DC power supply. In the continuous operation and use of UPS, due to the difference in performance and quality, the performance of individual batteries is degraded and the storage capacity is not up to the requirements and damage is inevitable. When one or more batteries in the battery pack are damaged, maintenance personnel should check and test each batteries to eliminate damaged batteries. When replacing new batteries, we should strive to purchase batteries of the same type as those of the same manufacturer. It is forbidden to mix acid-proof batteries with sealed batteries and batteries of different specifications.
Daily maintenance and overhaul of Kosta UPS power supply:
In the normal use of Kosta UPS power supply, the mainframe maintenance work is very little, mainly dust prevention and regular dust removal. Especially in dry climate areas, there are more dust particles in the air. The fan in the machine will bring dust into the machine to deposit. When the air is wet, it will cause the main engine control disorder, which will cause the main engine to work out of order, and an inaccurate alarm will occur. A large amount of dust will also cause the device to heat poorly. Generally, it should be thoroughly cleaned once a quarter. Secondly, when removing dust, check whether the connectors and sockets are loose or not.
(2) Although maintenance-free batteries are currently used in energy storage battery packs, this only eliminates the previous work of measuring, mixing and adding distilled water at regular intervals. However, the influence of external working conditions on batteries has not changed, and the impact of abnormal working conditions on batteries has not changed. Maintenance and repair work of this part is still very important. A large number of maintenance and repair work of Kosta UPS power supply system is mainly in the battery part.
A. Costa UPS power storage batteries work entirely in a floating state, in which case they should be discharged at least once a year. Battery batteries should be charged equally before discharging, so as to achieve the balance of the whole batteries. It is important to know the backward batteries that exist in the battery pack before discharge. If one of the batteries reaches the discharge termination voltage in the discharge process, the discharge should be stopped and the backward batteries should be eliminated before discharging.
B. The checking discharge of Kosta UPS power supply is not to pursue the percentage of the discharge capacity at first, but to focus on the detection and treatment of backward batteries. After the treatment of backward batteries, the checking discharge experiment is carried out. This can prevent accidents, so as not to deteriorate backward batteries into reverse-pole batteries in discharge.
c.科士达UPS电源平时每组电池至少应有8只电池作标示电池,作为了解全电池组工作情况的参考,对标示电池应定期测量并做好记录。
d.科士达UPS电源日常维护中需经常检查的项目有:清洁并检测电池两端电压、温度;连接处有无松动,腐蚀现象、检测连接条压降;电池外观是否完好,有无壳变形和渗漏;极柱、安全阀周围是否有酸雾逸出;主机设备是否正常。
e.科士达UPS电源免维护电池要维护,不是什么无稽之谈,应从广义的维护立场出发,做到运行、日常管理的周到、细致和规范性,保证设备(包括主机设备)保持良好的运行状况,从而延长使用年限;保证直流母线经常保持合格的电压和电池的放电容量;保证电池运行和人员的安全可靠。这就是电池维护的目的,也是电池运行规程中包括的内容和进行规则。
(3)当科士达UPS电源电池系统出现故障时,应先查明原因,分清是负载还是UPS电源系统;是主机还是电池组。虽说UPS主机有故障自检功能,但它对面而不对点,对更换配件很方便,但要维修故障点,仍需做大量的分析、检测工作。另外如自检部分发生故障,显示的故障内容则可能有误。
(4)科士达UPS电源对主机出现击穿,断保险或烧毁器件的故障,一定要查明原因并排除故障后才能重新启动,否则会接连发生相同的故障。
(5)科士达UPS电源当电池组中发现电压反极、压降大、压差大和酸雾泄漏现象的电池时,应及时采用相应的方法恢复和修复,对不能恢复和修复的要更换,但不能把不同容量、不同性能、不同厂家的电池联在一起,否则可能会对整组电池带来不利影响。对寿命已过期的电池组要及时更换,以免影响到主机。
科士达UPS电源是能够提供持续、稳定、不间断的电源供应的重要电源保护设备。维护是使用过程中比较重要的一项工作,能使不间断电源能稳定可靠的工作,预防发生机器故障的问题而导致损失。在UPS设备中,除了使用冷却用的风扇和断路器开关部件外,还有大量的固态电子器件。这些电子器件经过长时间的使用,虽不会存在机器磨损,但易受外围环境,因此在日常维护工作中需要做好温度控制工作。
同时它还向机内电池进行充电;当市电中断时,UPS就会立即将机内电池的电能,通过逆变转换的方法向负载继续供应220V交流电,使负载维持正常工作并保护负载软、硬件不受损坏。此外,不间断电源作为保护性的电源设备,它的性能参数具有重要意义是我们选购时的考虑重点之一。
科士达UPS电源在小型场合应用中缺乏专业的技术人员对UPS系统的日常运行进行有效的管理与维护,因此对UPS电源系统的操作使用方面越简单方便越好,且对于不间断电源厂家在维护服务的反应速度越快越好,维修服务时间越短越好。
C. At least 8 batteries should be used as labeled batteries for UPS power supply. As a reference for understanding the working status of the whole battery pack, the labeled batteries should be measured regularly and recorded.科士达YDE2060 UPS电源
科士达YDE1200 UPS电源
科士达YDC9101S UPS电源
科士达YDC9101H UPS电源
科士达YDC9102S UPS电源
科士达YDC9102H UPS电源
科士达YDC9103S UPS电源
科士达YDC9103H UPS电源
科士达YDC9106H UPS电源
科士达YDC9110H UPS电源
科士达YDC9106S UPS电源
科士达YDC9110S UPS电源
科士达YDC9310H UPS电源
科士达YDC9315H UPS电源
科士达YDC9320H UPS电源
科士达YDC3310 UPS电源
科士达YDC3315 UPS电源
科士达YDC3320 UPS电源
科士达YDC3330 UPS电源
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