科士达UPS电源原理图简介

科士达UPS电源主要分为两大类三种形式：一类是后备式，另一类是在线式，还有一种介于两者之间的在线互动式。

这是在线式科士达UPS电源的原理图，主要由整流器、逆变器、后备电池和静态转换开关组成。输出的交流电源是经过逆变器重新产生，其波形频率、电压由科士达UPS电源本身控制，具有稳压、稳频和不间断等功能。

Corstal UPS power supply can be divided into two main types and three forms: backup power supply, online power supply and online power supply.
This is the principle diagram of on-line Corstal UPS power supply, which is mainly composed of rectifier, inverter, backup battery and static switch. The output AC power supply is regenerated by the inverter. Its waveform frequency and voltage are controlled by the Corstal UPS power supply itself. It has the functions of stabilization, frequency stabilization and uninterruption.

后备式科士达UPS电源

在线式科士达UPS电源

由于供电对象对供电可靠性的要求，科士达UPS电源不间断电源一旦发生故障情况，通常都要求尽快恢复，故工作维护人员需及时对其进行分析与处理。本文总结了科士达UPS电源在使用过程中经常会遇到的九个问题及其主要的解决方法，希望能够为科士达UPS电源性能的保证及其故障诊断与维修工作提供参考。

常见问题一、有市电时科士达UPS电源输出正常，而无市电时蜂鸣器长鸣，无输出。

故障分析：从现象判断为蓄电池和逆变器部分故障，可按以下程序检查：

1)检查蓄电池电压，看蓄电池是否充电不足，若蓄电池充电不足，则要检查是蓄电池本身的故障还是充电电路故障。

2)若蓄电池工作电压正常，检查逆变器驱动电路工作是否正常，若驱动电路输出正常，说明逆变器损坏。

3)若逆变器驱动电路工作不正常，则检查波形产生电路有无PWM控制信号输出，若有控制信号输出，说明故障在逆变器驱动电路。

4)若波形产生电路无PWM控制信号输出，则检查其输出是否因保护电路工作而封锁，若有则查明保护原因;

5)若保护电路没有工作且工作电压正常，而波形产生电路无PWM波形输出则说明波形产生电路损坏。

上述排故顺序也可以倒过来进行，有时能更快发现故障。

常见问题二、蓄电池电压偏低，但开机充电十多小时，蓄电池电压仍充不上去。

故障分析：从现象判断为蓄电池或充电电路故障，可按以下步骤检查：

1)检查充电电路输入输出电压是否正常;

2)若充电电路输入正常，输出不正常，断开蓄电池再测，若仍不正常则为充电电路故障;

3)若断开蓄电池后充电电路输入、输出均正常，则说明蓄电池已因长期未充电、过放或已到寿命期等原因而损坏。

常见问题三、逆变器功率级一对功放晶体管损坏，更换同型号晶体管后，运行一段时间又烧坏的原因是电流过大，而引起电流过大的原因有：

1)过流保护失效。当逆变器输出发生过电流时，过流保护电路不起作用;

2)脉宽调制(PWM)组件故障，输出的两路互补波形不对称，一个导通时间长，而另一个导通时间短，使两臂工作不平衡，甚至两臂同时导通，造成两管损坏;

3)功率管参数相差较大，此时即使输入对称波形，输出也会不对称，该波形经输出变压器，造成偏磁，即磁通不平衡，积累下去导致变压器饱和而电流骤增，烧坏功率管，而一只烧坏，另一只也随之烧坏。

Because of the requirement of power supply reliability for power supply object, once the uninterruptible power supply of Kosta UPS power source breaks down, it usually needs to be restored as soon as possible, so the maintenance personnel need to analyze and deal with it in time. This paper summarizes nine common problems encountered in the use of Corstal UPS power supply and their main solutions, hoping to provide reference for the performance assurance, fault diagnosis and maintenance of Corstal UPS power supply.
Frequent problems 1. The output of Kosta UPS power supply is normal when there is power supply, but buzzer rings long when there is no power supply, and there is no output.
Fault analysis: It can be judged from the phenomena that some faults of storage battery and inverter can be checked according to the following procedures:
1) Check the battery voltage to see if the battery is undercharged. If the battery is undercharged, check whether it is the battery itself or the charging circuit.
2) If the working voltage of the battery is normal, check whether the driving circuit of the inverter works normally, and if the output of the driving circuit is normal, the inverter is damaged.
3) If the driving circuit of the inverters is not working properly, check whether the waveform generating circuit has the output of PWM control signal. If there is the output of control signal, the fault is in the driving circuit of the inverters.
4) If there is no PWM control signal output in the waveform generation circuit, check whether the output is blocked by the protection circuit, and if so, find out the reasons for the protection.
5) If the protection circuit does not work and the working voltage is normal, and the waveform generation circuit does not output PWM waveform, the waveform generation circuit is damaged.
The above troubleshooting sequence can also be reversed, sometimes faster fault detection.
Common problem 2: The battery voltage is low, but the battery voltage can not be charged after more than 10 hours of charging.
Fault analysis: Judging from the phenomenon as a battery or charging circuit fault, the following steps can be taken to check:
1) Check whether the input and output voltage of charging circuit is normal;
2) If the charging circuit input is normal and the output is abnormal, the battery is disconnected for re-testing, and if it is still abnormal, the charging circuit will fail.
3) If the input and output of the charging circuit are normal after the battery is disconnected, it indicates that the battery has been damaged due to long-term non-charging, over-discharge or life.
Common Question 3. A pair of power amplifier transistors of inverters are damaged. After replacing the same type of transistors, the reason why the transistor runs for a period of time and burns out again is that the current is too large, and the causes of the current too large are as follows:
1) Overcurrent protection failure. When the overcurrent occurs in the output of the inverter, the overcurrent protection circuit does not work.
2) Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) module failure, the output of two complementary waveforms asymmetry, one conduction time is long, while the other conduction time is short, so that the two arms work imbalance, or even two arms simultaneously conduction, resulting in two tube damage;
3) The parameters of the power transistor are quite different, even if the input symmetrical waveform is input, the output will be asymmetrical. The waveform through the output transformer will cause magnetic bias, i.e. the unbalanced flux. The accumulation of the waveform will lead to the saturation of the transformer and the sudden increase of the current, which will burn the power transistor, and one will burn out, and the other will also burn out.

常见问题四、科士达UPS电源开机后，面板上无任何显示，科士达UPS电源不工作。

故障分析：从故障现象判断，其故障在市电输入、蓄电池及市电检测部分及蓄电池电压检测回路：

1)检查市电输入保险丝是否烧毁;

2)若市电输入保险丝完好，检查蓄电池保险是否烧毁，因为某些科士达UPS电源当自检不到蓄电池电压时，会将科士达UPS电源的所有输出及显示关闭;

3)若蓄电池保险完好，检查市电检测电路工作是否正常，若市电检测电路工作不正常且UPS不具备无市电启动功能时，科士达UPS电源同样会关闭所有输出及显示。 ——若市检测电路工作正常，再检查蓄电池电压检测电路是否正常。

常见问题五、在接入市电的情况下，每次打开科士达UPS电源，便听到继电器反复的动作声，UPS面板电池电压过低指示灯长亮且蜂鸣器长鸣。

故障分析：该故障是由蓄电池电压过低，从而导致科士达UPS电源启动不成功而造成的。拆下蓄电池，先进行均衡充电(所有蓄电池并联进行充电)，若仍不成功，则只有更换蓄电池。

常见问题六、一台后备科士达UPS电源有市电时工作正常，无市电时逆变器有输出，但输出电压偏低，同时变压器发出较大的噪音。

故障分析：逆变器有输出说明末级驱动电路基本正常，变压器有噪音说明推挽电路的两臂工作不对称，检测步骤如下：

1)检查功率是否正常;

2)若功率正常，再检查脉宽输出电路输出信号是否正常;

3)若脉宽输出电路输出正常，再检查驱动电路的输出是否正常。

常见问题七、在市电供电正常时开启科士达UPS电源，逆变器工作指示灯闪烁，蜂鸣器发出间断叫声，科士达UPS电源只能工作在逆变状态，不能转换到市电工作状态。

Frequent Question 4. When the Corstal UPS power is turned on, there is no display on the panel, and the Corstal UPS power is not working.
Fault analysis: Judging from the fault phenomena, the faults are in the municipal power input, the battery and the municipal power detection part and the battery voltage detection circuit:
1) Check whether the input fuse of municipal electricity is burnt down;
2) If the city power input fuse is in good condition, check whether the battery insurance is burnt down, because some Corstal UPS power supply will turn off all output and display of Corstal UPS power supply when the battery voltage can not be self-checked;
3) If the battery is in good condition, check whether the municipal power detection circuit is working properly. If the municipal power detection circuit is not working properly and the UPS does not have the non-municipal power startup function, the Corstal UPS power supply will also turn off all output and display. —— If the city detection circuit works normally, then check the battery voltage detection circuit is normal.
Common Question 5. In the case of access to electricity, every time the Kosta UPS power supply is turned on, the relay repeatedly acts. The battery voltage of UPS panel is too low and the indicator lights are long and the buzzer is long.
Fault analysis: This fault is caused by the low battery voltage, which leads to the unsuccessful start-up of Corstal UPS power supply. Remove the batteries and charge equally (all batteries are charged in parallel). If it is still unsuccessful, only the batteries will be replaced.
Common Question 6. A backup Kosta UPS power supply works normally when it has power supply, and the inverter has output when it has no power supply, but the output voltage is low, and the transformer emits a large noise.
Fault analysis: The output of the inverter indicates that the final drive circuit is basically normal, and the noise of the transformer indicates that the two arms of the push-pull circuit work asymmetrically. The detection steps are as follows:
1) Check whether the power is normal;
2) If the power is normal, then check whether the output signal of the pulse width output circuit is normal.
3) If the output of the pulse width output circuit is normal, then check whether the output of the driving circuit is normal.
Frequent Question 7: When the power supply of city power is normal, turn on the UPS power supply of Kosta, the working indicator of the inverter flashes, the buzzer makes intermittent calls. The UPS power supply of Kosta can only work in the inverted state, and can not be converted to the working state of city power.

故障分析：不能进行逆变供电向市电供电转换，说明逆变供电向市电供电转换部分出现了故障，要重点检测：

1)市电输入保险丝是否损坏;

2)若市电输入保险丝完好，检查市电整流滤波电路输出是否正常;

3)若市电整流滤波电路输出正常，检查市电检测电路是否正常;

4)若市电检测电路正常，再检查逆变供电向市电供电转换控制输出是否正常。

常见问题八、后备式科士达UPS电源当负载接近满载时，市电供电正常，而蓄电池供电时蓄电池保险丝熔断。

故障分析：蓄电池保险丝熔断，说明蓄电池供电流过大，检测步骤如下：

1) 逆变器是否击穿;

2) 蓄电池电压是否过低;

3)若蓄电池电压过低，再检测蓄电池充电电路是否正常;

4)若蓄电池充电电路正常，再检测蓄电池电压检测电路工作是否正常。

常见问题九、科士达UPS电源只能由市电供电而不能转为逆变供电。

故障分析：不能进行市电向逆变供电转换，说明市电向逆变供电转换部分出现故障，要重点检测：

1)蓄电池电压是否过低，蓄电池保险丝是否完好;

2)若蓄电池部分正常，检查蓄电池电压检测电路是否正常;

3)若蓄电池电压检测电路正常，再检查市电向逆变供电转换控制输出是否正常。

科士达UPS电源调试是为了确保UPS顺利进行工作，在进行科士达UPS电源检修前，为了更好的确保检查顺利进行以及安全的操作，UPS不间断电源调试应该注意的问题如下：

1、检查所有开关，是否处于断开位置;

2、检查科士达UPS电源柜和变压器内有无异物;检查各扁平电缆连接是否正确，有无松动;

3、检查已连接的接插头是否拧紧，连线是否正确：主机柜与电池柜的地线是否接上;

4、检查通风口有元杂物赌塞，人工转动风扇.看是否正常。

电力网络中呈周期性变化的电压或电流的频率即为基波(又称一次波)，我国电网规定频率是50Hz，所以基波是50Hz。

Fault analysis: It is impossible to convert the inverted power supply to the municipal power supply. It shows that there is a fault in the part of the conversion from the inverted power supply to the municipal power supply.
1) Whether the fuse is damaged or not;
2) If the input fuse is in good condition, check whether the output of rectifier filter circuit is normal.
3) If the output of rectifier filter circuit is normal, check whether the detection circuit is normal.
4) If the city electricity detection circuit is normal, then check whether the control output of the converter power supply to the city electricity power supply is normal.
Common Question 8. When the backup Corstal UPS power supply is close to full load, the city power supply is normal, while the battery fuse is fused when the battery is powered.
Fault analysis: The fuse of the battery fuse is fused, which indicates that the supply current of the battery is too large. The detection steps are as follows:
1) Whether the inverter breaks down or not;
2) Whether the battery voltage is too low;
3) If the battery voltage is too low, then check whether the battery charging circuit is normal.
4) If the battery charging circuit is normal, then check whether the battery voltage detection circuit is working properly.
Common Question 9. Costa UPS power supply can only be supplied by municipal electricity, but not by inverters.
Fault analysis: It is impossible to carry out the conversion from municipal power supply to inverted power supply, which indicates that there is a fault in the conversion part of municipal power supply to inverted power supply.
1) Whether the battery voltage is too low and the battery fuse is intact;
2) If the battery part is normal, check whether the battery voltage detection circuit is normal.
3) If the battery voltage detection circuit is normal, then check whether the control output of power conversion from municipal electricity to inverters is normal.
The purpose of the UPS power debugging is to ensure the UPS work smoothly. Before the UPS power overhaul, in order to better ensure the smooth operation and safe operation of the UPS, the following issues should be paid attention to in UPS power debugging:
1. Check whether all switches are in the open position.
2. Check whether there are foreign bodies in the UPS power cabinet and transformer of Costa, check whether the connection of each flat cable is correct and whether it is loose.
3. Check whether the connecting plug is tightened and the connection is correct: whether the ground wire between the main cabinet and the battery cabinet is connected;
4. Check that the vent has a meta-clutter stopper and turn the fan manually to see if it is normal.
The frequency of voltage or current which changes periodically in the power network is the fundamental wave (also called primary wave). The specified frequency of power network in China is 50Hz, so the fundamental wave is 50Hz.

谐波的基础知识

(1)什么是基波?

电力网络中呈周期性变化的电压或电流的频率即为基波(又称一次波)，我国电网规定频率是50Hz，所以基波是50Hz。

(2)什么是谐波?

电力网络中除基波(50Hz)外，任一周期性的电压或电流信号，其频率高于基波(50Hz)的，称为谐波。

电网或电路中，电压产生的谐波为电压谐波;

电流产生的谐波为电流谐波。

(3)谐波有几种?

整数谐波：指频率为整数(跃1)倍基波频率的谐波，即2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10等次谐波。

偶次谐波：指频率为圆、源、6、8、10等偶数倍基波频率的谐波。

奇次谐波：指频率为3、5、7、9、11等奇数倍基波频率的谐波。

正序谐波：谐波次数为3k+1(k为正整数)即4、7、10等次谐波。

负序谐波：谐波次数为3k-1(k为正整数)即2、5、8等次谐波。

零序谐波：指频率为3的整数倍基波频率的谐波，例如3、6、9、12、15次谐次。

高频谐波：指频率为圆耀怨kHz的谐波。

(4)谐波频率如何计算?

谐波频率越谐波次数伊基波频率例：缘次谐波频率为缘伊缘园Hz越圆缘园Hz，苑次谐波频率为7伊50Hz越猿缘园Hz等。

(5)哪些设备或电路容易产生谐波?

1)非线性负载，例二极管整流电路(AC/DC)。

2)三相电压或电流不对称性负载。

3)逆变电路(DC/AC)。

4)科士达UPS电源(PC机用)，EPS电源(大功率动力用)。

5)晶闸管调压装置或调速电路。

6)电镀设备。

7)电弧炉、矿热炉、锰矿炉、磷矿炉、电石炉、硅铁炉。

8)电解槽。

9)电焊机(弧焊、缝焊、点焊、碰焊、对焊)。

10)电池充电机。

11)变频器(低压或高压变频器)。

12)脉幅调制(PAM)调压电路或者是脉宽调制(PWM)调频电路。

13)谐波的次数与整流电路的相数有关，例三相、六相、十二相、十八相、二十四相，当相数越多并通过移相方式就可使谐波次数及谐波分量减小。例如采用输入变压器移相技术的单元串联在高压频率器的主电路。

Basic knowledge of harmonics
(1) What is the fundamental wave?
The frequency of voltage or current which changes periodically in the power network is the fundamental wave (also called primary wave). The specified frequency of power network in China is 50Hz, so the fundamental wave is 50Hz.
(2) What is harmonic?
In power network, besides fundamental wave (50Hz), any periodic voltage or current signal whose frequency is higher than fundamental wave (50Hz) is called harmonic.
In power grid or circuit, the harmonic generated by voltage is voltage harmonic.
The harmonic produced by current is current harmonic.
(3) How many kinds of harmonics are there?
Integer harmonics: refers to harmonics whose frequency is integer (jump 1) times the fundamental frequency, i.e. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 harmonics.
Even harmonics: refers to harmonics whose frequencies are even multiple fundamental frequencies such as circle, source, 6, 8, 10, etc.
Odd harmonics: refers to harmonics whose frequencies are 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 odd fundamental frequencies.
Positive sequence harmonics: the number of harmonics is 3k+1 (k is a positive integer), i.e. the fourth, seventh and tenth harmonics.
Negative-sequence harmonics: the number of harmonics is 3K-1 (k is a positive integer), that is, the second, fifth and eighth harmonics.
Zero-sequence harmonics: Harmonics with an integer multiple fundamental frequency of 3, such as 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 harmonics.
High frequency harmonic: refers to the harmonic whose frequency is kHz.
(4) How to calculate the harmonic frequency?
Examples of harmonic frequency over-harmonic frequency: edge sub-harmonic frequency is edge garden Hz over circular garden Hz, and garden sub-harmonic frequency is 7I50Hz over ape garden Hz, etc.
(5) Which devices or circuits are prone to generate harmonics?
1) Nonlinear load, for example, diode rectifier circuit (AC/DC).
2) Three-phase voltage or current asymmetric load.
3) Inverter circuit (DC/AC).
4) Costa UPS power supply (PC), EPS power supply (high power power power).
5) Thyristor voltage regulating device or speed regulating circuit.
6) Electroplating equipment.
7) Electric arc furnace, submerged arc furnace, manganese ore furnace, phosphate ore furnace, calcium carbide furnace and ferrosilicon furnace.
8) Electrolyzer.
9) Electric welding machine (arc welding, seam welding, spot welding, bump welding, butt welding).
10) Battery charger.
11) Inverter (low-voltage or high-voltage converter).
12) Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM) Voltage Modulation Circuit or Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Frequency Modulation Circuit.
13) The number of harmonics is related to the number of phases in the rectifier circuit, such as three-phase, six-phase, twelve-phase, eighteen-phase and twenty-four-phase. When the number of phases increases, the number of harmonics and the harmonic component can be reduced by phase-shifting. For example, the main circuit of the high voltage frequency converter is connected in series with the phase shifting technology of the input transformer.

14)开关电源。

15)斩波电路、斩波调速。

16)工频电炉。

17)中频电炉。

18)天车、起重机械。

19)气体放电的照明灯具，例：节能灯、荧光灯(T5、T8)、金卤灯、钠灯、汞灯、氪灯、氚灯等，使用时都有一定的谐波产生。

20)软起动装置(使用SCR调压)。

(6)谐波电流的方向如何?

谐波电流从负载流向供电变压器直至供电网络，即由终端负载向前级的流入。

(7)谐波的影响是什么?

1)对变压器的影响谐波电流使铜损增加、漏磁增加;谐波电压使铁损增加;谐波功率造成噪声增大、温升提高。

2)对电力电线的影响谐波电流易过载，导致过热、破坏绝缘、集肤效应加大。

3)对电动机的影响谐波电流增加铜损、谐波电压增加铁损，谐波的功率造成机械效率减小，功率因数下降，有效转矩减小。

4)对控制系统的影响电压零点漂移、线电压不平衡、仪表仪器的指示不准，以致控制判断错误，甚至控制系统失控。

5)对通信设备的影响谐波会产生感应电磁场，影响通信质量。

6)对电容器的影响一般大型电动机或低压电网都有无功功率补偿或功率因数补偿，基本都是使用电容器来实现的，因谐波产生，易使电容器产生过电流、过

电压、过温度，造成击穿损坏，原因是谐波电流易发生并联谐振，产生大电流，串联谐振产生过电压，一般电容器运行电流臆1.3倍额定值电流，否则迅速损坏，而谐波电流以5、7、11次为主。

14) Switching power supply.
15) Chopper circuit and chopper speed regulation.
16) Power frequency electric furnace.
17) Medium frequency electric furnace.
18) Crane and crane.
19) Gas discharge lamps, such as energy-saving lamps, fluorescent lamps (T5, T8), metal halide lamps, sodium lamps, mercury lamps, krypton lamps, tritium lamps, etc., have certain harmonic generation when used.
20) Soft starter (SCR voltage regulation).
(6) What is the direction of harmonic current?
Harmonic current flows from the load to the power supply transformer and to the power supply network, i.e. from the terminal load to the forward stage.
(7) What is the effect of harmonics?
1) The influence of harmonic current on transformer increases copper loss and magnetic leakage; harmonic voltage increases iron loss; harmonic power increases noise and temperature rise.
2) The influence of harmonic current on power lines is easy to overload, resulting in overheating, damage to insulation and skin effect.
3) The influence of harmonic current on motor increases copper loss, harmonic voltage increases iron loss, harmonic power reduces mechanical efficiency, power factor and effective torque.
4) The influence on the control system is voltage zero drift, line voltage unbalance, inaccurate instructions of instrument and instrument, resulting in errors in control judgement and even out of control of the control system.
5) The influence of harmonics on communication equipment will produce inductive electromagnetic field, which will affect the quality of communication.
6) The influence on capacitors is usually caused by reactive power compensation or power factor compensation in large motors or low-voltage power grids, which are basically realized by capacitors. Due to harmonic generation, capacitors are liable to generate over-current and over-current.
Voltage and overtemperature cause breakdown damage, because harmonic current is prone to parallel resonance, generating large current, series resonance generates overvoltage. Generally, the operating current of capacitors is assumed to be 1.3 times the rated current, otherwise it will be damaged rapidly, and the harmonic current is mainly 5, 7 and 11 times.

科士达YDE2060    UPS电源

科士达YDE1200    UPS电源

科士达YDC9101S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9101H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9102S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9102H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9103S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9103H UPS电源

科士达YDC9106H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9110H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9106S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9110S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9310H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9315H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9320H  UPS电源

科士达YDC3310     UPS电源

科士达YDC3315     UPS电源

科士达YDC3320     UPS电源

科士达YDC3330     UPS电源