应当看状况而定,一般状况下,在房顶明露的冷却水管要保温,由于日晒会使冷却水温度上升。假定运用冷却水免费供冷(冬天)的话,冷却水管应当悉数保温。
在计算机房调试空调和制冷系统之前的测试工作。在审判工作中应特别注意以下几个方面:
1、检查机房科士达精密空调制冷系统的阀门是否处于正常工作状态,尤其是排气截止阀;
2、如果冷凝器的冷却水阀是开放式空气冷却,则应打开风扇并检查转向。水量和风量应符合要求;
3、注意电源电压是否正常,三相是否平衡,电气控制电路应事先单独测试;
4、压缩机曲轴箱的油位是否正常;
5、执行启动操作;
6、压缩机启动时,检查高压和低压表的指示值,是否在压缩机正常工作的压力计划范围内;
7、听取膨胀阀的制冷剂流动声,在膨胀阀正常冷却后查询管路;
8、能量卸载的压缩机应在工作开始时满载;这可以根据手动缸盖的温度来理解;气缸盖温度高,表明气缸工作正常;如果气缸盖温度低,则气缸标记为卸载;进行卸载试验时,应大大减少电动机电流;
9、安装在制冷系统中的安全保护设备,如高压继电器,液压差压继电器,冷却水和冷冻水切断保护用水流继电器,冷冻水冷冻保护继电器和安全阀等。应查询动作避免滥用或不作为;
10、检查其他各种外部指标是否在指定的计划范围内;
11、如果出现异常情况,请立即停止检查。
1、恒温恒湿科士达精密空调低压保护设定值不正确。正确的低压保护设定值应设定在2bar左右,若设定值不对则产生低压报警。
2、机房专用科士达精密空调充氟的量不够。冬天气温低时,可能发生类似情况。如果查明原因的确是缺氟时,应向系统补充氟利昂制冷剂。
3、恒温恒湿科士达精密空调空气过滤网太脏。过滤网太脏不及时更换,易产生低压告警。更换时注意应按照箭头指示码放,不能装反了。
4、机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调膨胀阀故障。热力膨胀阀失灵或开启度小,引起供液不足;造成低压告警。应加大热力膨胀阀的开启度或者更换膨胀阀。
5、机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调系统中有泄漏。用氮气进行试压检漏,充气压力应≥1.4MPa,并且要从系统的高、低压部分同时允入氮气,直至平衡为止。系统充入氮气后,在24h保压的时间内应无泄漏。如24h内气温变化较大,由于气体的热胀冷缩特性,压力会有微小变化,应属正常;如果压力变化值超标,那么应检查漏点,主要查以下几处:
(1)与机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调压缩机相连螺母处;
(2)与室外机相连的单向阀处;
(3)室外机与压力开关连接处;
(4)储液罐上的单向阀处;
(5)管道和盘管等处。
数据中心机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调试压检漏完成后,放掉系统内的氮气,用双连压力表连接吸排气阀门,打开真空泵及吸排气阀门抽真空,时间不少于90min,直至系统真空度无限接近760mmHg.
机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调抽真空结束后,静态从排气阀处(高压端)直接注入氟利昂液体,观察低压表,使之上升至6~7kg/cra2处,关闭排气阀,开机从吸气阀处(低压端)补充氟利昂气体,直至视液镜内气泡刚刚消除时停止充注。这时双连表的低压指示应在0.4~0.5MPa,高压表的指示应为1.5~1.8MPa.
若机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调高压高而低压低,则为管道堵塞。堵塞处管道前后有明显的温差,甚至结霜。可能发生堵塞的地方及处理方法如下:
一、发生堵塞的地方在液镜上方的电磁阀处。首先判断在机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调压缩机开启时是否有24V电送到电磁阀处。检查方法为:卸掉电磁阀顶端螺钉,测量其接线柱对应插头有无24V,如果没有,则为控制线路故障,反之则为电磁阀损坏,需更换电磁阀。
二、机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调发生堵塞的地方在干燥过滤器。关闭空调电源(此时制冷电磁阀为关闭状态),将储液罐处三通阀顺阀杆方向顺时针旋到底(阀杆旋进去),此时储液罐与管道不通,旋开干燥过滤器连接螺母,更换干燥过滤器。
三、机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调管道内堵,尤其是管道焊接处有堵焊。焊接处前后有温差,管道前后的压力差别很大,此时需重新焊管,重新抽真空,充氟。
四、以上3种情况均正常的前提下,可判断为机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调膨胀阀堵,维修:
1.机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调冰堵,用热毛巾敷之,则低压端压力回升,需放氟,重新抽真空,再加氟,最好更换干燥过滤器。
2.机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调脏堵,需更换膨胀阀。
3.保护器失灵造成控制精度不够。修理、更换低压压力控制器。
4.低压延时继电器设定不正确或低压启动延时太短。重新机房专用恒温恒湿科士达精密空调设定低压延时时间。
在闭式循环的空调水系统中,膨胀水箱可以容纳水受热膨胀后多余的体积,解决系统的定压问题,向系统补水。膨胀水箱的设计往往和配管联系在一起,做为机房空调末端设计的重要组成部分。
膨胀水箱的容积和选型
对于普通的高层民用建筑,如果以系统的设计冷负荷Qo为基础,则系统的单位水容量大约为2~3升/kW。当采用双管制系统时,若取水的最低工作温度为7℃,最高工作温度为65℃,则膨胀水箱的有效膨胀容积,可采用简化的估算方法按下式计算:
V=0.006×(65-7)×(2~3)Qo=(0.07~0.1)Qo (升)
膨胀水箱的设置及其配管
膨胀水箱的安装高度,应至少高出系统最高点0.5m(通常取1.0 ~1.5m)。安装水箱时,下部应作支座,支座长度应超出底板100 ~200mm,其高度应大于300mm,支座材料可用方木、钢筋混凝土或砖,水箱间外墙应考虑安装用予留空洞。
膨胀水箱上的配管有膨胀管、信号管、溢水管、排水管和循环管等。从信号管至溢出水管之间的膨胀水箱容积,就是有效膨胀容积。
膨胀管——原则上应接至循环水泵吸入口前的回水管路上,通常接到“集水器“上。信号管——应将它接至制冷机房内的洗手盆处,信号管上应安装阀门。
溢流管——当系统内水的体积膨胀超过水箱内的溢水管口时,水会自动溢出。溢出管上不许安装阀门。
排水管——在清洗水箱并将水箱放空时用,排水管上应安装阀门。
通常将溢水管和排水管连在一起,排至附近的下水道或屋面上。
循环管——在寒冷地区为防止膨胀水箱内水结冻而设置的。当水箱内没有结冻可能时,可不设循环管。特别在高层建筑中膨胀水箱和生活给水水箱通常设在屋顶水箱间内,并将水箱保温,因此无结冻可能。
膨胀水箱的补水方式有两种:
1)浮球阀自动补水——当所在地区生活给水水质较软、且制冷装置对冷媒水水质无特殊要求时,可利用屋顶生活给水水箱,通过浮球阀直接向膨胀水箱补水。这时,膨胀水箱要比生活给水水箱低一定的高度。
2)高低水位控制器补水——当所在地区生活给水水质较硬、且制冷装置(例如,溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组)要求冷媒水必须是软化水时,应在膨胀水箱内设置高低水位传感器来控制软化水补水泵的启动或关停。一旦水位低于信号管,补水泵会自动向系统补水。这种方式要有一套软化水处理设备。来自补水泵的补水管可以接到集水器上,也可接到冷媒水循环泵的吸入口前。
在安装和使用中哪些问题会引起机房空调漏水。
原因一:安装问题
安装方面,安装倾斜也就是水平度不合格的空调,由于水份聚集就会漏水。安装时打的墙孔过高,导致排水管引出一侧位置偏高,造成排水管排水不畅,使得室内机的接水盘溢满了水,这样室内机也会漏水。
原因二:使用问题
使用方面,一是‘脏堵’,就是没有及时清洗的灰尘积累在塑料管道里,造成排水不畅。二是排水管被移动或被打结。三是使用久了的排水管由于塑料老化而开裂。
机房空调漏水常用处理方法:
针对漏水的原因,提醒工程师在机房空调空调的安装中一定要观察机器是否水平,墙孔是否高于机器。在使用过程中则要经常清理过滤网,既避免漏水又可提高制冷效率。排水管也不要移动、打结。
不同原因的漏水有不同的补救措施。“如果是排水管破裂,只需花很少的费用更换排水管即可。如果是‘脏堵’,则清洗堵住的那一段排水管。
关于机房空调排水管问题:
a、室内机侧(挂壁、柜式)排水管倾斜角度过小。处理方法:重新调整排水管角度。
b、排水管过长,流水不畅。处理方法:尽量缩短排水管长度。
c、排水管不平整、缠绕。处理方法:重新整理排水管。
d、排水管(软管)被挤压。处理方法:整理排水管(软管)被挤压部位。
e、排水管破碎、裂纹。处理方法:更换排水管。
f、排水管出水口插入水中。处理方法:取出插入水中的排水管。
g、排水管接头松脱。处理方法:重新连接接头。
h、排水管有异物脏堵。处理方法:排水管有异物脏堵。
关于蒸发器问题:机房空调室内蒸发器结冰,化冰时造成漏水。处理方法有三:
1、系统缺氟,加氟。
2、清洗风道系统。
3、风速不正常,将风速调整正常。
关于室内连接管问题:空调室内侧连接管保温层外部有冷凝水珠产生,形成滴水。处理方法有三:
1、保温层材料不良(海绵发泡密度不够,材料太薄),加厚保温层或重新更换保温材料。
2、设定温度过低,风速太低,使其室内机换热能力变小,回气管温度太低,室内温度高,湿气大,长时间不停机运行产生,将以上因素适当进行调整即可改善。
3、排水管表面过冷,造成冷凝水,可加上保温层。
关于室内机漏水问题:
处理方法:安装排水角度处理不良,不能将排水管弯处小于或接近90度,也不能设弯太多,排水管采用PVC管材料;嵌入式内机安装不水平,重新调整室内机水平。
从现在空调供水体系遍及选用的供水方法和防备办法分析能够发现以下问题:机房内空调供水管道与城市自来水管网直接衔接的供水方法是当前大家遍及选用的供水方法,空调供水管道承受着与城市自来水管网相同的压强。为了满意高层建筑的供水需求,城市自来水管网的压强在0.4MPa到0.6MPa之间(0.1MPa=10米水柱),假如是裸露的空调供水管道,漏水后就会直接喷溅到设备上(没有防静电地板的机房),引发设备故。空调供水管道在运用中,承受着与城市自来水管网相同的压强,有这样一根高压的供水管道从机房内穿过,这本是就是一个潜在的安全隐患;第二、空调供水管道一旦有破损,在高压强的效果下在短时间内会有很多的水喷出,假如不能及时发现和采纳应急办法必将引发事端;第三、在空调供水管道向外喷水时,水的落点与喷水口会必定的距离。水一旦不能喷射到机房环境监控中的水淹报警探头上,就延误了告警时间,当告警真实发作时地板上或许已经是成片的积水了;第四、砌防水墙、制造防水盘、选用一台空调一路供水管道等办法,在必定程度,影响了机房的漂亮和布局(特别是在上走线机房)。
通过研讨,中国联通河南分公司规划出新式机房供水计划,有用地阻挠了机房内空调加湿器漏水问题,有用保证了机房安全运转。处理机房空调漏水的关键在于减压、操控水源。为此河南联通改造了供水体系,设置了供水操控器。
选用新式供水方安案,空调供水管道的实践压强只要0.02MPa远远小于自来水管网的压强。假设空调供水管道发作漏水现象,出水量会远远小于原有的供水体系;管道压强下降后,水只会滴落在供水管道邻近不会发作喷溅,并且水淹探头很简单检测到漏水现象的存在,多探头水淹报警操控器会同时向机房动力环境监体系和供水操控器宣布告警信息,供水操控器封闭水箱出水电磁,堵截空调加湿器的水源供应,把漏水事端操控在开始阶段,避免了事端的发作。
Whether or not the cooling water pipes of Costa Precision Air Conditioning should be kept warm depends on the detailed conditions. Generally, there is no heat preservation, but assuming that there is no drainage during direct operation in winter, it is necessary to consider heat preservation for outdoor or non-heating rooms with or without freezing. It is also assumed that heat preservation is also required for equipment in factories with high relative humidity, such as clean rooms.
Cooling water is used for heat dissipation. In principle, there is no need for heat preservation. However, in winter operation, considering the need for anti-freezing and heat preservation, and the need for electric tracing, Xiadili should consider the elements of geographic climate. If the outdoor air temperature in summer is higher than that of cooling water in pipeline, the condition of engineering cost is not considered. In principle, heat preservation is also needed. The above two conditions are for outdoor pipelines (most of them are pipe jacking, usually metal maintenance shells after heat preservation). If other local heat preservation is done, they will be full of food and support.
Costa Precision Air Conditioning mainly depends on several aspects of the need for thermal insulation.
1. The key point is to see whether the cooling water system works in winter. If it does not work, it does not need heat preservation at all. If it does, it should be kept warm.
2. In the area where the project is located, there is no need for thermal insulation in the south.
3. Of course, it depends on whether the water pipe is exposed to the sun.
It is rare to see thermal insulation in practice, so theoretical analysis should be more acceptable.
1. Under general conditions, the planned temperature of circulating water for cooling water pipes is 32-37 C, and the temperature of outdoor roof is more than 37 C in the normal operation of Kosta Precision Air Conditioning. The cooling water in the roof section is an endothermic process, which undoubtedly reduces the cooling power of cooling towers, and then also reduces the cooling power of refrigeration units, that is to say, when the system is in place. When the chiller needs to supply the same cooling capacity, it needs to add the energy consumption (energy conservation) to remove the heat absorbed by the cooling circulating water, so theoretically, it is advantageous and necessary to keep the cooling water pipe of the roof cooling tower warm.
2. The use of cooling towers in winter is more widely used in industry. Generally, the temperature of cooling circulating water is higher than that of outdoor roof. That is to say, cooling circulating water can heat outdoors. From the analysis of "1", it can be seen that this is conducive to the overall power of the system (no doubt reducing the load of the system), such as this theory. Analytical considerations, industrial roof cooling tower cooling water pipes can be considered not to be thermal insulation; of course, in northern winter, if winter operation, cooling water pipes should consider thermal insulation, after all, the cooling of outdoor cooling circulating water is limited, at this time, thermal insulation and frost prevention is the first.
3. To sum up, from the economic benefits of long-term operation: after all, the length of the cooling water pipe in the roof section is very limited, compared with that in theory, it is beneficial and necessary to keep the cooling water pipe in the roof cooling tower of Costa Precision Air-conditioning; although the cooling tower for industrial use does not keep the heat, it is beneficial to the system power, but the test is made. Considering the winter heat preservation and anti-freezing to ensure that the operation is the primary consideration, so consider to be heat preservation.
Industrial cooling towers do not need to consider thermal insulation when operating in winter, because the high-speed water will not freeze, and will also reduce the burden of the system. Even thermal insulation can not ensure that it does not freeze when not operating. For safety, it is better to release the water.
To sum up, the cooling tower for Kosta Precision Air Conditioning, which is located under direct sunlight, should be insulated (to prevent negative addition to the system), and the cooling tower for industrial use should not be insulated (to release water when not operating in winter). In a project in Changchun in one year, the main cooling water pipe passed through the working area of the workshop. Because of the radiator heating in the area, the condensation occurred in winter.
Very serious, the water dripped onto my work table on the spot, so the drawing plan did not ask for heat preservation.
Should depend on the situation, in general, the roof dew cooling pipe should be warmed, because the sun will make the cooling water temperature rise. Assuming that cooling water is used for free cooling (winter), the cooling pipe should be fully insulated.
This depends on the practice of local ah, assuming that the temperature difference between the Corstal precision air conditioning room and the cooling water pipe is too large, it needs thermal insulation, otherwise the cooling water pipe surface is easy to condensate!
It should be more acceptable to analyze it theoretically when we see that there is heat preservation.
1. Under general conditions, the planned temperature of circulating water for cooling water pipes is 32-37 C, and the temperature of outdoor roof is more than 37 C in the normal operation of Kosta Precision Air Conditioning. The cooling water in the roof section is an endothermic process, which undoubtedly reduces the cooling power of cooling towers, and then also reduces the cooling power of refrigeration units, that is to say, when the system is in place. When the chiller needs to supply the same cooling capacity, it needs to add the energy consumption (energy conservation) to remove the heat absorbed by the cooling circulating water, so theoretically, it is advantageous and necessary to keep the cooling water pipe of the roof cooling tower warm.
2. The use of cooling towers in winter is more widely used in industry. Generally, the temperature of cooling circulating water is higher than that of outdoor roof. That is to say, cooling circulating water can heat outdoors. From the analysis of "1", it can be seen that this is conducive to the overall power of the system (no doubt reducing the load of the system), such as this theory. Analytical considerations, industrial roof cooling tower cooling water pipes can be considered not to be thermal insulation; of course, in northern winter, if winter operation, cooling water pipes should consider thermal insulation, after all, the cooling of outdoor cooling circulating water is limited, at this time, thermal insulation and frost prevention is the first.
3. To sum up, from the economic benefits of long-term operation: after all, the length of cooling water pipes in the roof section is very limited, compared with the theoretical heat preservation of cooling water pipes in the precision air-conditioning roof cooling tower is advantageous and necessary; although industrial cooling tower is not guaranteed.
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