科士达机房精密空调
1.光滑油的效果:
5.假如体系曾发生过进水的事端,要特别留意将水分去除洁净,除替换冷冻油外,要特别留意检测油品的酸度,并及时替换新油和枯燥过滤器。
科士达机房精密空调循环水处理存在的问题,机房精密空调经过长期时间循环运转后,空调冷冻水、冷却水体系、制冷主机及风机散热牌不可防止的出现更为严重的堆积物的附着(也就是在体系外表结垢)、微生物的很多滋生粘泥和设备腐蚀等问题。
没有装水处理设备会引起管道阻塞、结垢、滋生生物粘泥、软垢、腐蚀等问题,必需设备水处理设备才能有用的对空调水进行灭菌灭藻、除垢、防腐蚀处理。以下参数为装水处理器前后比较表:
依据以上体系面临问题,结合实际处理经历,引荐以下处理方法,防止体系壁结垢、成长粘泥软垢、快速腐蚀等事故的发作,确保体系的安全、安稳、长周期、满负荷优质运转。
科士达机房精密空调硬垢构成原因:
冷却水中富含碳酸氢钙等不安稳盐类,在换热管壁受热分化,即转变为碳酸钙等致密硬垢,规矩堆积在换热管壁、冷却塔填料及体系管网等处。
科士达机房精密空调的硬垢操控:
向循环水中投加少数的,习惯体系水质的阻垢涣散剂,即能使硬垢堆积问题得到处理。水处理剂依据体系补充水质及出产设备工艺特色,经过实验室模仿体系实验,挑选出最合适阻垢缓蚀剂配方,并供给及时专业的技术服务,能使硬垢堆积问题得到很好处理。具有优异的阻垢涣散功能。
科士达机房精密空调粘泥软垢构成原因:
产粘液微生物代谢、悬浮物、必定的水流速度、换热管壁粗糙度,四个条件构成粘泥软垢。后边两个条件是体系客观存在,处理方法只能从微生物和悬浮物着手处理。
科士达机房精密空调微生物操控:
挑选合适的灭菌灭藻剂,投入恰当的水处理灭菌费用,使循环水中微生物含量操控规则规模内,将微生物代谢粘液坚持答应规模,防止粘泥软垢的构成。
科士达机房精密空调悬浮物操控:
增设旁流过滤体系(体系浓缩倍率高/悬浮物高时辅助使用),滤除循环水中悬浮物,操控在规则规模内,防止悬浮物与微生物黏液相互作用,在体系内累积而堆积换热管内,构成软垢,阻止传热,一起构成电化学腐蚀。
科士达机房精密空调腐蚀构成原因:
腐蚀是指经过化学或电化学反响使金属被耗费破坏的现象。冷却水中的溶解氧与设备触摸构成腐蚀电池,发作如下反响,促进金属不断溶解而被腐蚀。
科士达机房精密空调腐蚀操控:
向循环水中投加较低量,习惯机房精密空调体系水质的复合缓蚀剂,即能使设备腐蚀操控在规范规则规模。对于碳钢不锈钢体系,优选阻垢缓蚀剂配方时,即已复配入配方中,能处理设备腐蚀问题,假如体系中有铜设备,则应另增加缓蚀剂。
科士达机房精密空调冷体系排污的正确办法和具体过程:机房制冷体系进行排污的意图在于淸除制冷体系中的污物,防止体系中的污物进入紧缩机和节流阀。如污物进入紧缩机,会形成汽缸拉毛、阀片密封不严,影响紧缩机的正常作业。如污物进入节流阀,会形成脏堵。虽然每个设备和管路在装置前都已进行过除锈吹污,但在整个体系装置过程中,许多管道在焊接时还会有些焊渣、铁屑和粉尘从焊口落到管内,通过全体系的排污,即可进一步铲除污物。
一、科士达机房精密空调制冷体系的排污
1、制冷体系的设备管道在运行前都必须进行排污,以铲除装置过程中残留在体系内的焊渣,铁屑,沙粒等污物。防止污物损害制冷机的部件和体系中的阀门,防止体系管道堵塞。
2、氨制冷体系排污时,可用空压机或氨制冷机供给紧缩空气,紧缩空气的压力一般不超过0.6MPa。排污口应设置在管道的最低处,排污作业可分组,分段分层进行。
3、排污一般不少于3次,直到排出气体不带水蒸气,油污和铁锈等杂物。
4、精密空调为了有用的运用紧缩气体的爆发力和高速气流,可在排污口上装个阀门,待体系内压力升高时快速翻开阀门,使气体敏捷排出,带出污物。
5、实践中也可用木塞堵住排污口,当体系有必定压力时,将木塞拔掉,使空气敏捷排出,这种办法很好。但存在必定风险,操作时必须当心,注意安全。
6、氟利昂体系的排污也在体系装置完后进行,运用0.6MPa的氮气进行分段吹污。排污的办法和查验和氨体系相同,氟利昂体系排污和试压时不能运用紧缩空气,紧缩空气中含有水蒸气,若残留在氟利昂体系内,将引起氟利昂体系的冰堵或冰塞现象。
7、在排污过程中,如发现管路法兰阀门有显着走漏,应及时弥补。体系排污完毕后,应将体系一切阀门的阀芯和过滤器拆开清洗。
二、科士达机房精密空调制冷体系检漏安全操作过程
1、将减压阀接在氮气瓶上,用氮气管将氮气瓶减压阀与体系加氨阀门衔接起来;
2、翻开体系中除连通大气的阀门以外的一切阀门;
3、翻开加氨阀门和氮气阀,向体系充氮气至低压部分实验压力;
4、封闭加氨阀门和氮气阀,用毛刷沾肥皂水或洗洁精对一切焊口、管接头、法兰、阀门等衔接、密封部位涂抹,进行检漏;
5、找出漏点,标上记号,找出一批走漏点后,操作人员坐落排污操作安全方位拧开低压循环贮液器(或气液分离器)下部的螺塞,排污并放出氮气;
6、补漏,拧上低压循环贮液器(或气液分离器)的螺塞,从头充入氮气,操作人员坐落排污操作安全方位拧开中心冷却器下部的螺塞,排污并放出氮气;
7、重复上两步操作,直至无漏点;
8、精密空调封闭低压循环贮液器(或气液分离器)进液阀和放油阀,封闭排液桶出液阀和放油阀,紧缩机吸气阀和放油阀,向体系充氮气至高压部分实验压力;
9、对高压部分检漏,找出漏点,标上记号,找出一批走漏点后,操作人员坐落排污操作安全方位拧开排液桶下部的螺塞,排污并放出氮气;
10、补漏,拧上排液桶的螺塞,从头充入氮气,操作人员坐落排污操作安全方位拧开高压贮液器下部的螺塞,排污并放出氮气;
11、重复上两步操作,直至无漏点。
制冷机房专用空调体系规划大,设备多,工况多变,规划、施工、调试和管理运转水平却有限,构成现在建筑物内的制冷空调体系存在许多问题,因而体系调试是不行短少的一环。关于一般制冷空调工程而言,调试内容包含:体系各环节电气设备及线路的检查;制冷空调设备的作业测验;自控体系各环节的调试;制冷空调房间内气流参数的测定调试等。
一、科士达机房精密空调体系调试经常见问题
1、调试时制冷空调体系部分作用欠好。构成原因:
1)体系有异物阻塞。
2)体系规划部分不合理且不能正常调理。
改善办法:铲除异物并充沛清洗,调整管道斜度。提请规划单位修正规划而作部分更正。
2、水泵动转时其振荡和噪音均较大。构成原因:
1)设备本身联轴器轴向、径向误差大。
2)水泵法兰偏大且地脚螺栓受力不均。
3)水泵与管道的固有振荡频率附近而引起共振。
改善办法:调整联轴器的轴向、径向误差。调整水泵与管道间的固有振荡频率,加装相关软接部件。替换法兰并使地脚螺栓受力均匀。
3、冷水机组制冷量达不到额外值。构成原因:
1)冷却塔水温达不到规则的降温参数。
2)水泵出力缺乏。
3)冷凝器阻隔垫错位而无法降温。
4)冷凝器中管道有阻塞。
改善办法:修理冷却塔使其契合水温及水量要求。铲除管道中的异物、检查冷凝器阻隔垫是否错位。
4、制冷机排气压力过高。构成原因:
1)冷却水量缺乏。
2)冷凝器传热管中结垢严峻。
3)冷却水温过高。
4)体系中空气过多。
改善办法:修理冷却塔,冷凝器传热管进行清洗,排除体系中的空气。
5、制冷空调机组运转时严峻结霜。构成原因:
1)回风过滤器阻塞。
2)风机皮带松动后排风量不行。
3)回风阀敞开过小。
改善办法:清洗回风过滤网,调整风机皮带。调整回风阀的巨细。
二、科士达机房精密空调体系调试进程中需求注意的几个问题
1、重视调试前的预备作业
调试前的预备作业是调试进程中重要的一环,它将影响整个调试进程的进程,一般包含以下几个进程:
1)风管道体系的走漏检测。关于风管道体系的走漏量在国标GB50243-97中有具体的规则,大致分为高中低压体系,不同的压力下风管每小时每平米的风量走漏值不同。
2)管道体系的目测。这一作业的主要内容是对管道体系进行检查,断定散流器、支管和主管上的各种阀门处于全开状况,确保管道体系处于全通状况。
3)调试设备的预备。在进行调试作业前,要预备好所需求的测验设备包含测验温度、湿度、压力、速度(流量)、转速所需的设备。
在完结以上几项作业后就可以开端进行调试作业,但因为制冷空调体系调试作业是一项实践性很强的作业,各种预备作业往往因不同的管道体系及其前期装置作业不同,在实践作业中应注意这一点。
2、科士达机房精密空调冷水体系调试
冷水体系调试的一般进程为:
首先将各楼层的风机盘管和供冷设备的进出水管封闭,一起打开各楼层冷水支管的供回水管之间的连通阀,有些大体系的冷水机组为维护蒸腾器,也规划了供回水连通管,此刻也应将冷水机组供回水管的进出阀同时封闭,注册连通管;
发动冷水泵来清洗管道,时刻至少为半响;
排掉冷水管内的水,洗净冷水泵入口的过滤器,时刻答应的话,可将过滤网装回,从头对体系灌水清洗。
在进行会集制冷空调冷水、冷却水体系规划时,有必要在大型设备及楼层主供冷干管的结尾设置带阀门的旁通管,以便进行体系清洗。
假使不敞开水泵,只经过灌水、放水来清洗管道,对大多数体系而言(施工进程监理严厉、施工完结时管道很洁净的体系在外),是彻底达不到管道清洗要求的。管道清洗完毕后,可敞开制冷机进行调试,主机的开机调试一般由供货商派专人担任,这样有利于两边削减合同纠纷。
进一步的调试作业是针对制冷空调结尾,在水泵和主机均敞开的情况下,逐一对结尾进行调试。敞开原先关断的结尾供、回水管的阀门,关断管道清洗时打开的供回水主管及主回路上的旁通阀,看两通阀是否正常,不正常时检查是否接线有问题,有没有电,还是阀的线圈已焚毁。若是线圈焚毁没有备用配件,可用阀的手动开关强即将两通阀打开进行调试。
3、风机盘管加新风体系中新风口的安置不妥问题
风机盘管加新风体系在酒店和办公大楼的制冷空调体系中普遍选用,这种方法不只制冷空调作用好且装置施工简洁。但规划进程中有必要合理地进行新风和风机盘管的出风组合,不然将会影响制冷空调的运用作用。
新风体系的调试是在风机盘管中止运转的条件下进行的(风机盘管本身风机不作业),测定每个房间新风量也是在这种情况下进行的。
而在实践的体系运转情况下,各个房间的风机盘管不必定悉数运转(房间内独立操控),关于风机盘管发动的房间来说,风机盘管的回风箱内构成负压区,关于未运转的风机盘管的回风箱则没有,这就对整个新风体系的风量平衡构成损坏,使进入房间的新风支管的风量相差悬殊,单个未发动的风机盘管的新风支管内乃至构成负压,使室内空气进入新风管道并送入其它房间,构成体系内各个房间的空气质量变坏。
当新风管接入风机盘管送风管段时,也会出现类似问题。为防止上述问题的出现,在规划时应充沛考虑风机盘管对其衔接体系的影响,新风的送风口应设置独立管道,主张此类问题应在规划规范中予以规则。
4、夏日调试制热量
依据我国拟定的风冷热泵冷热水机组的标准,机组的额外制热量是指环境温度为7℃,出水温度为45℃时机组的制热量。
在实践作业时,因为环境温度不同和制冷空调体系中要求冬季供热水温度不同,而使机组的制热量随之改变。风冷热泵冷热水机组的制热量随热水出水温度的添加而削减,随环境温度下降而削减。机组在制热工况下的输入功率是跟着热水的出水温度添加而添加的,随环境温度的下降而削减。
这主要是因为热水出水温度进步时要求冷凝压力相应进步,此刻如环境温度不变,则压缩机的压力比添加,压缩机对每千克制冷剂的耗功添加,导致压缩机的输入功率添加。
当环境温度下降时体系的蒸腾温度下降,使压缩机的制冷剂流量减小,因为空气侧换热器表面结霜,传热温差大,此刻流量削减更快,相应压缩机的输入功率大大减小。一般当环境温度下降到-4℃~-5℃以下时可发动辅佐加热器以加热供暖体系的回水,然后补偿风冷热泵机组制热量的衰减。
5、利用核算机技术辅佐调试
在实践工程中,许多制冷空调体系极端杂乱,平衡进程难度高,因而,调试作业分为初调试和重复调试两个阶段。
以风体系调试为例,一般情况下,初调理时支路中的每一个风口调理完结后,都会对其它风口的风量有必定的影响。初调理成功后,进入重复调试阶段,假如初调试成功,此刻大部分风口不需求调理或许调理风量不大,整个体系水力情况改变小,除单个功能不稳定风口外,风口相互之间的影响可以疏忽。
Precision Air Conditioning in Costa Machine Room
1. The effect of smooth oil:
1) A dynamic seal is formed between the screw and the compression chamber and the yin-yang screw to reduce the leakage of refrigerant from the high pressure side to the low pressure side during the compression process.
2) Cooling the compressed refrigerant, oil is injected into the compressor, absorb the heat generated by the refrigerant gas in the process of compression, and reduce the exhaust temperature.
3) An oil film is formed between the bearing and the screw to support the rotor and achieve smooth effect.
4) Transfer pressure differential force, drive capacity conditioning system, through the action of loading and unloading solenoid valve of the compressor, adjust the orientation of the capacitive slider, complete the capacity conditioning operation of the compressor.
5) Reducing working noise
It is stated that the smooth oil in the internal part of the compressor is the key to maintain the normal operation of the compressor. Generally, the problems of smooth oil are as follows:
1) Foreign body mixing, smoothing oil pollution, blocking oil filter.
2) The high temperature effect deteriorates the smooth oil and loses its smooth function.
3) Water pollution, acidification and corrosion of electric motors in the system.
2. Detection and replacement of compressor refrigerating oil:
The detection and replacement period of refrigerating oil of the precision air conditioning compressor in Kosta Computer Room is related to the process control of its production process. If the evaporator and condenser of the system and the cleanliness control of the system pipeline are better, the pollutants entering the compressor are relatively less, and the detection and maintenance cycle can be relatively longer.
Primary monitoring objectives:
1) PH Value Target: Acidification of smooth oil will directly affect the life of compressor motor, so we should regularly check whether the acidity of smooth oil is qualified. Generally, the acidity of smooth oil is lower than PH6, so it must be replaced. If the acidity can not be checked, the dryness filter of the system should be replaced regularly to keep the dryness of the system in normal condition.
2) Pollution target: If the contaminants in 100 ml of frozen oil exceed 5 mg, it is advocated to replace the frozen oil.
3) Water content: more than 100 ppm, need to replace refrigerated oil.
Precision Air Conditioning Replacement Cycle in Costa Machine Room:
Generally, smooth oil should be inspected or replaced every 10,000 hours, and after the first work, 2500 hours advocate replacing smooth oil and cleaning oil filters. As the system assembly residue will accumulate in the compressor after the formal work. So 2500 hours (or 3 months) should be replaced with smooth oil once, and then according to the cleanliness status of the system on time, if the system cleanliness is good, it can be replaced every 10,000 hours (or every year).
If the exhaust temperature of the compressor is maintained at high temperature for a long time, the deterioration rate of smooth oil is very fast. The chemical characteristics of smooth oil must be checked regularly (every 2 months), and replaced when it is unqualified. If you can't view it regularly, you can do it according to the following claim table.
3. Operation method of refrigerating oil replacement for precision air-conditioning in Costa engine room:
Precision Air Conditioning in Costa Computer Room Replacement of Refrigerated Oil without Internal Finishing:
Compressor pumping action, the refrigerant system will be recycled to the condenser side (pay attention to the minimum suction pressure of pumping action is not less than 0.5Kg/cm2G), the refrigerant in the compressor will be swept away, save a little internal pressure as a power source, and the refrigerated oil will be discharged from the deflector angle valve.
Precision Air Conditioning in Costa Computer Room Replaces Refrigerated Oil and Makes Internal Finishing:
As mentioned before, after cleaning the refrigerated oil and balancing the pressure in the compressor table, loosen the flange bolt with the inner hexagonal wrench, remove the oil filter joint and clearing the knot hole flange (or oil level switch flange), clean the contaminants in the oil tank of the compressor, and check whether the oil filter mesh is damaged or not. Blow out the sludge and contaminants on it, or replace the new oil filter, pay attention to tighten the filter interface nut when replacing, seal well, avoid internal leakage; the lining of oil filter joint must be renewed to avoid internal leakage; other flange lining also advocates renewal.
4. Precision air conditioning in Costa engine room.
1. Refrigerated oils with different trademarks should not be mixed, especially mineral oils and ester oils.
2. If you replace the refrigerated oil with different trademarks, pay attention to the removal of the remaining original refrigerated oil in the system.
3. Some oils have hygroscopicity, so don't expose the frozen oil to the air for a long time. When the device is installed, the exposure time is shortened as far as possible, and the vacuum operation is done well.
4. If the system has been burned down by the motor of the compactor, special attention should be paid to removing the remaining acidic substances in the system when replacing the new machine. After 72 hours of commissioning, the acidity of the refrigerated oil should be checked. It is advocated that the refrigerated oil and the dry filter should be replaced to reduce the possibility of acid corrosion. Then work for one month or so to test or replace the refrigerated oil again.
5. If the system has ever suffered from water inflow, special attention should be paid to the removal of water. In addition to replacing refrigerated oil, special attention should be paid to the detection of acidity of oil products, and timely replacement of new oil and dry filters.
Existing problems in circulating water treatment of precise air conditioning in Kosta engine room. After long-term circulating operation of precise air conditioning in engine room, more serious accumulation (i.e. scaling on the outside of the system) of chilled water, cooling water system, refrigeration main engine and fan radiator will inevitably appear, and many microorganisms will grow sticky. Corrosion of mud and equipment.
Without water treatment equipment, problems such as pipeline blockage, scaling, bio-slime, soft scale and corrosion will arise. Only with water treatment equipment, can air conditioning water be sterilized, algae-killing, scale-removing and corrosion-resistant. The following parameters are compared before and after water treatment device:
According to the problems faced by the above system and the practical treatment experience, the following treatment methods are recommended to prevent the occurrence of system wall scaling, growth clay and soft scale, rapid corrosion and other accidents, so as to ensure the safety of the system.
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