维护科士达UPS电源预防性的几大技巧

科士达UPS电源是针对中国电网环境和网络监控及网络系统、医疗系统等对电源的可靠性要求，克服中、大型计算机网络系统集中供电所造成的供电电网环境日益恶劣的问题，以全新的数字技术研制出的第三代工频纯在线式智能型UPS。直流电源，是维持电路中形成稳恒电流的装置。如干电池、蓄电池、直流发电机等。

一、科士达UPS电源安全第一

每次进行电源维护时，切记生命和身体安全应胜过一切。当处理电源设备时，可能哪怕一个小小的操作失误也会造成严重伤害。因此，当处理科士达UPS电源(或数据中心的任何电力系统)时，确保安全是首要考虑的问题：包括遵守设备制造商的建议，注重设施特殊的细节和标准的安全指引。如果对于UPS系统的某些方面不熟悉，或不知道如何对其进行维护，请找专业人士寻求帮助。即使了解数据中心的UPS系统，仍然有必要寻求相应的外界援助，以便在涉及到某些潜在问题时能有头脑冷静的人给予帮助，使其不会受压力困扰。

二、科士达UPS电源坚持定期维护

数据中心的预防性维修不应该成为工作人员心血来潮的事情，尤其是考虑到其潜在的停机时间成本。对于数据中心的UPS系统以及其他系统而言，应定期进行维护(以年、半年或任何时间框架为单位)，并坚持贯彻这一维护计划。这包括一份书面的(纸质或电子版)备案清单，记录好下一次维护活动和上一次维护的具体时间。

三、科士达UPS电源做好详细记录

除了安排好定期的维护计划，数据中心也应该有一份详细的维修记录(例如，清洗、修理或更换某些部件的记录)，以及在在检查过程中，发现的相关设备的具体状况。而当工作人员需要向数据中心的管理人员汇报维护成本或每次停机时间所造成的成本损失时，进行成本跟踪也是非常有益的。一份详细的任务清单，如检查电池腐蚀情况，寻找过量扭矩的连接导线等，有助于维持一个有秩序的方法。而当在进行设备更换、不定期的维修、UPS故障排除规划时，所有这些文档都可以提供帮助。除了做好记录之外，请务必确保这些文档始终放在一个方便得到且大家都知道的位置。

Corstal UPS power supply aims at the reliability requirements of China's power grid environment, network monitoring and network system, medical system and so on. It overcomes the increasingly harsh environment of power supply network caused by centralized power supply of medium and large computer network systems, and develops the third generation of power frequency pure on-line intelligent UPS with brand-new digital technology. DC power supply is a device to maintain a steady current in the circuit. Such as dry batteries, storage batteries, DC generators, etc.
I. Costa UPS Power Supply Safety First
Every time power supply is maintained, remember that life and physical safety are better than everything else. When dealing with power supply equipment, even a small misoperation may cause serious damage. Therefore, when dealing with Kosta UPS power supply (or any power system in the data center), ensuring security is a top priority: it includes following the recommendations of the equipment manufacturer and paying attention to the specific details of the facility and the safety guidelines of the standard. If you are not familiar with some aspects of UPS system, or do not know how to maintain it, please seek professional help. Even with an understanding of UPS systems in data centers, it is still necessary to seek appropriate external assistance so that cool-headed people can help to avoid stress when it comes to some potential problems.
2. Keshida UPS Power Supply Insists on Regular Maintenance
Preventive maintenance of data centers should not be a whim for staff, especially considering their potential downtime costs. For UPS systems and other systems in data centers, they should be maintained regularly (in terms of annual, semi-annual or any time frame) and adhere to this maintenance plan. This includes a written (paper or electronic) record list of the next maintenance activity and the specific time of the last maintenance.
3. Keshida UPS Power Supply Makes Detailed Records
In addition to arranging regular maintenance plans, the data center should also have a detailed maintenance record (for example, records of cleaning, repairing or replacing certain components) and the specific condition of the relevant equipment found during the inspection process. When staff need to report maintenance costs or cost losses caused by each downtime to data center managers, cost tracking is also very helpful. A detailed list of tasks, such as checking battery corrosion and looking for excessive torques to connect wires, can help maintain an orderly approach. All these documents can be helpful in equipment replacement, irregular maintenance, UPS troubleshooting planning. In addition to keeping records, make sure that these documents are always in a convenient and well-known location.

四、科士达UPS电源执行定期检查

上述三点建议适用于数据中心的几乎任何一部分：无论怎样的数据中心环境，加强安全、调度维护和保持良好的记录都是很好的做法。然而，对于UPS系统，需要有工作人员定期进行某些任务(这些工作人员应该熟悉UPS操作的基本知识)。这些重要的UPS维护工作包括以下几个方面：

1、围绕科士达UPS电源和电池(或其他能量存储)设备进行的障碍物和相关冷却设备方面的检查。

2、确保没有发生运行异常或UPS控制面板没有发出任何类似于过载或电池电量即将耗尽的警报。

3、注意查看电池腐蚀或其它缺陷的迹象。针对那些特定设备，咨询制造商的指导方针和建议。在某些情况下，应该严格履行设备制造商的维护建议。

五、认识到科士达UPS电源组件发生运行失败是可能的

这似乎是显而易见的：任何具有有限故障概率的设备，最终都会发生运行失败的状况。有报告指出：“关键的科士达UPS电源部件，如电池和电容器不可能始终保持正常使用状态。”所以，即使供电方提供了完美的动力，UPS机房是完全干净的，并且UPS设备是在适当的温度理想情况下运行的，相关组件仍然会发生运行失败的状况。正因为如此，才需要对UPS系统进行维护。

六、确保知道当需要相关服务或不定期的维护时，向谁求助

有时，在日常检查的过程中，就会发现某些问题，而这些问题不能等到下次维护的时候才解决。在发生这些情况的时候，需要确保知道联系谁能够帮助搞定，这样可以节省大量的时间和精力。这意味着数据中心必须确定一家或几家固定的服务提供商，在需要时提供帮助。这些供应商与提供定期维护的供应商可以是同一家，也可以不是同一家。

七、进行任务分配

“你是不是应该上周就进行检查?”“不，我觉得应该是你检查的。”为了避免这种责任不明晰的混乱，请务必确保安排合适的专门人员负责UPS维护任务。哪位工作人员需要负责每周检查设备?哪位工作人员负责联系服务供应商，安排年度维护计划(或者调整维护时间表)?特定的任务可能有不同的负责人，但是要确保知道谁负责UPS系统。

许多科士达UPS电源维护事项最好留给那些熟悉UPS的人员。再次强调，安全是至关重要的：一个UPS系统中的电压的危险性可能出现人身伤亡，所以最好聘请专业人士进行，而不要冒险操作。预防性维护是数据中心的所有工作的关键，所以很多诀窍可以广泛地应用，但UPS系统需要特别关注，因为它在短期内需要稳定的电力以提供给IT设备。通过执行定期的维修计划，可以很容易地防止由于电池电量耗尽、电容器故障、或空气过滤器堵塞，甚至过时的固件焊接继电器造成的停机事件。工作人员只需要经过深思熟虑的执行上述几大步骤，采取预防性的维护程序，就可以帮助其数据中心免去许多麻烦。

电池是科士达UPS电源不可缺少的支柱之一。电池的好坏直接影响着科士达UPS电源的运行质量，机器安装后，如果因为管理不善而导致电池过早地失效，就会使科士达UPS电源不能正常运行或关机，从而使整个用电系统陷入瘫痪。

造成电池容量下降、内阻增大等老化现象的主要原因，不外乎是在电池循环充放电过程中，由于极板的硫化、水分的挥发以及长时间不充放电所造成。实际上，过高的环境工作温度是导致密封免维护电池服务寿命缩短的首要原因。有关经验数据表明：当环境温度超过25℃时，以后每升高10℃，就会使电池的寿命缩短一半。因此，电池制造商们为电池设计了温度补偿功能，情况在一定程度上有所改善。

1、当环境温度升高时

当环境温度升高时，电池所允许的浮充电压电乎相应降低，如果仍保持其不变的话，就会使电池处于过充状态，使电池加速老化;于是就采用温度补偿电路来实施调整充电器的充电电压，使电池处于最佳浮充状态。温度补偿虽然只可以解决一部分问题，但在实际应用中，效果还是显著的，因为电池补偿的优点在40℃以下时还是很明显的，而一般机房的温度也很少有超过这个温度范围。应该注意的倒是另一方面:因为这种补偿是非线性的，而且温度传感器和一系列的信号转换电路如果选择和调整的不好，就会在温度变化时导致过补偿，这一方面加速了电池的老化，另一方面也造成科士达UPS电源的误动作。

2、当环境温度太低时

当环境温度太低时，虽然对电池的储存有利，对其老化也无很大影响，可使服务寿命延长，但它会造成电池放电容量的降低。比如.当环境温度由25℃下降到0℃时，电池的有效放电容量将下降20%-30%.

实际上，保证电池服务寿命的最佳方案就是尽且将环境温度控制在20-25℃之间。当然，这还不是保证其寿命的全部，因为还有放电次数、放电深度、放电和充电电流以及定时充放电的周期等等。严格地说，因此几乎没有一个机房条件可以满足如此多的要求达到科士达UPS电源给出的期望寿命是很难的。

电池是科士达UPS电源不可缺少的支柱之一。电池的好坏直接影响着科士达UPS电源的运行质量，机器安装后，如果因为管理不善而导致电池过早地失效，就会使UPS不能正常运行或关机，从而使整个用电系统陷入瘫痪。

造成电池容量下降、内阻增大等老化现象的主要原因，不外乎是在电池循环充放电过程中，由于极板的硫化、水分的挥发以及长时间不充放电所造成。实际上，过高的环境工作温度是导致密封免维护电池服务寿命缩短的首要原因。有关经验数据表明：当环境温度超过25℃时，以后每升高10℃，就会使电池的寿命缩短一半。因此，电池制造商们为电池设计了温度补偿功能，情况在一定程度上有所改善。

Corstal UPS Power Supply Performs Periodic Inspection
These three suggestions apply to almost any part of a data center: no matter what the data center environment is, it is good practice to enhance security, schedule maintenance and maintain good records. However, for UPS systems, there is a need for staff to perform certain tasks on a regular basis (these staff should be familiar with the basic knowledge of UPS operations). These important UPS maintenance tasks include the following aspects:
1. Inspection of obstacles and related cooling equipment around Corstal UPS power supply and battery (or other energy storage) equipment.
2. Ensure that there is no abnormal operation or that the UPS control panel does not issue any alarm similar to overload or imminent battery depletion.
3. Look for signs of battery corrosion or other defects. Consult the manufacturer's guidelines and recommendations for specific equipment. In some cases, the maintenance recommendations of equipment manufacturers should be strictly implemented.
5. Recognizing that it is possible for Kosta UPS power supply components to fail in operation
It seems obvious that any equipment with limited failure probability will eventually fail. It has been reported that "the key components of Corstal UPS, such as batteries and capacitors, cannot always be in normal use." Therefore, even if the power supplier provides perfect power, the UPS room is completely clean, and the UPS equipment is running at an ideal temperature, the relevant components will still fail. Because of this, UPS system needs to be maintained.
6. Make sure you know who to turn to when you need relevant services or irregular maintenance
Sometimes, in the process of routine inspection, some problems will be found, and these problems can not be solved until the next maintenance time. When these situations occur, you need to ensure that you know who you can contact to help with them, which saves a lot of time and effort. This means that the data center must identify one or more fixed service providers to help when needed. These suppliers may or may not be the same as the supplier providing regular maintenance.
VII. Task Allocation
"Should you check it last week?" "No, I think it should be you." To avoid this confusion of unclear responsibilities, it is important to ensure that appropriate specialists are assigned to the UPS maintenance tasks. Which staff member is responsible for weekly inspection of equipment? Which staff member is responsible for contacting service providers and arranging annual maintenance plans (or adjusting maintenance schedules)? There may be different leaders for specific tasks, but make sure you know who is responsible for UPS systems.
Many COSTAR UPS power maintenance matters are best left to those familiar with UPS. Again, safety is crucial: the danger of voltage in an UPS system may cause personal casualties, so it's better to hire professionals instead of risky operations.  Preventive maintenance is the key to all the work of a data center, so many tips can be widely used, but UPS systems need special attention because it requires stable power to provide IT equipment in the short term. By carrying out regular maintenance plans, it is easy to prevent outages caused by battery depletion, capacitor failure, or blockage of air filters, or even outdated firmware welding relays. Staff members need only deliberate implementation of these major steps and preventive maintenance procedures to help their data centers avoid a lot of trouble.
Battery is one of the indispensable pillars of Kosta UPS power supply. Batteries directly affect the operation quality of Kosta UPS power supply. If the battery fails prematurely due to poor management after the installation of the machine, it will make the Kosta UPS power supply can not run normally or shut down, thus paralysing the entire power system.
The main reasons for the aging phenomenon such as the decrease of battery capacity and the increase of internal resistance are the vulcanization of the plate, the volatilization of water and the long-term non-charge and discharge during the battery cycle charging and discharging. In fact, the high ambient working temperature is the primary reason for shortening the service life of sealed maintenance-free batteries.  Relevant empirical data show that when the ambient temperature exceeds 25 C, the battery life will be reduced by half for every 10 C increase in the future. As a result, battery manufacturers have designed temperature compensation functions for batteries, and the situation has improved to some extent.
1. When the ambient temperature rises
When the ambient temperature rises, the allowable floating charge voltage of the battery decreases correspondingly. If it remains unchanged, the battery will be in an overcharge state, which will accelerate the aging of the battery. Therefore, the temperature compensation circuit is used to adjust the charging voltage of the charger, so that the battery will be in the optimal floating charge state. Temperature compensation can only solve a part of the problem, but in practical application, the effect is remarkable, because the advantages of battery compensation are obvious when the temperature is below 40 C, and the temperature of general computer room rarely exceeds this temperature range. It should be noted that on the other hand, this compensation is non-linear, and if the temperature sensor and a series of signal conversion circuits are not well selected and adjusted, it will lead to over-compensation when the temperature changes, which accelerates the aging of batteries, on the other hand, it will also cause the wrong action of Corstal UPS power supply.
2. When the ambient temperature is too low
When the ambient temperature is too low, although it is beneficial to the storage of batteries, it has no significant impact on the aging of batteries and can prolong the service life of batteries.

1、当环境温度升高时

当环境温度升高时，电池所允许的浮充电压电乎相应降低，如果仍保持其不变的话，就会使电池处于过充状态，使电池加速老化;于是就采用温度补偿电路来实施调整充电器的充电电压，使电池处于最佳浮充状态。温度补偿虽然只可以解决一部分问题，但在实际应用中，效果还是显著的，因为电池补偿的优点在40℃以下时还是很明显的，而一般机房的温度也很少有超过这个温度范围。应该注意的倒是另一方面:因为这种补偿是非线性的，而且温度传感器和一系列的信号转换电路如果选择和调整的不好，就会在温度变化时导致过补偿，这一方面加速了电池的老化，另一方面也造成科士达UPS电源的误动作。

2、当环境温度太低时

当环境温度太低时，虽然对电池的储存有利，对其老化也无很大影响，可使服务寿命延长，但它会造成电池放电容量的降低。比如.当环境温度由25℃下降到0℃时，电池的有效放电容量将下降20%-30%.

实际上，保证电池服务寿命的最佳方案就是尽且将环境温度控制在20-25℃之间。当然，这还不是保证其寿命的全部，因为还有放电次数、放电深度、放电和充电电流以及定时充放电的周期等等。严格地说，因此几乎没有一个机房条件可以满足如此多的要求达到科士达UPS电源给出的期望寿命是很难的。

科士达UPS电源是重要的电源保障设备，使用的过程中，维护是一个很重要的工作，能够很好的预防机器故障。UPS电源设备中，除了冷却用的风扇和断路器开关部件外，还有大量的固态电子器件。这些电子器件经过不间断的使用，虽然不会存在机器磨损，但是受外围环境对UPS电源的影响是很大的，所以我们要做好UPS温度控制工作。

科士达UPS电源是因为在适宜的环境中工作，不仅能使机器稳定的工作，还能更好的延长机器寿命，所以做好日常维护，对UPS电源来说，很重要。艾普诺UPS不间断电源工作环境应该与计算机的工作环境相同，温度应控制在5℃以上，22℃以下;相对湿度控制在50%以下，上下幅度不超过10%。当然，和这些因素同样重要的是应保持UPS电源工作间的清洁、无灰尘、无污染、无有害气体，因为这些因素同样影响UPS的使用寿命和引发故障。在UPS的日常维护工作中，工程师需要每日进行例行检查，其主要目的是为了积累UPS电源的运行经验和及时发现故障苗头，因此每日的例行检查都要细心。

如果是必须使用在室外的科士达UPS电源，用户必须购买户外专用的UPS电源产品，因为户外专用的UPS电源能耐高温，以及防尘、耐潮等优势。不间断电源是重要的电源保障设备，使用的过程中，维护是一个很重要的工作，能够很好的预防机器故障。UPS电源设备中，除了冷却用的风扇和断路器开关部件外，还有大量的固态电子器件。这些电子器件经过不间断的使用，虽然不会存在机器磨损，但是受外围环境对UPS电源的影响是很大的，所以我们要做好UPS温度控制工作。不间断电源是因为在适宜的环境中工作，不仅能使机器稳定的工作，还能更好的延长机器寿命，所以做好日常维护，对UPS电源来说，很重要。

科士达UPS电源工作环境应该与计算机的工作环境相同，温度应控制在5℃以上，22℃以下;相对湿度控制在50%以下，上下幅度不超过10%。当然，和这些因素同样重要的是应保持UPS电源工作间的清洁、无灰尘、无污染、无有害气体，因为这些因素同样影响UPS的使用寿命和引发故障。在UPS的日常维护工作中，工程师需要每日进行例行检查，其主要目的是为了积累UPS电源的运行经验和及时发现故障苗头，因此每日的例行检查都要细心。如果是必须使用在室外的UPS不间断电源，用户必须购买户外专用的UPS电源产品，因为户外专用的UPS电源能耐高温，以及防尘、耐潮等优势。

正弦波(或有的写纯正弦波)的当然不错，其波形和电网上或者发电机发的波形是一样的，而且甚至比电网上获取的电的波形还要完美，但调制出正弦波不是一件简单的事情，需要复杂的控制电路;因此成本必然上升。所以，正弦波科士达UPS电源一般只在容量超过5KVA的机组，或者在线式以及部分在线互动式机组上才出现，后备机组除非容量很大，不然也是很少的。

正弦波拥有对工频变压器最高效的转换，可以负载一切能在市电上使用的设备。但因为成本问题，目前也有很多使用比如：修正正弦波和方波的修正正弦波，即不是一条正弦曲线，而是无数的小线段，使用人为的方法将他们弄成和正弦曲线差不多的样子，就是修正正弦波，修正正弦波也叫修正波，虽然相比方波好，但还是不如正弦波。

方波的话就更简单了，非常简单的推勉电路就能做出来，但因为方波波形中从最高点突然跌到最低又到最高，其间的能量损失也是巨大的，并且如果机组容量很大，这种损失可能会导致机器本身损坏，因此方波系统通常而言，不会在很大的机组上出现，而且通常是几百伏安的小容量且是后备机组的UPS电源里出现。正弦波转换效率最高，损耗最小其次是修正正弦波再者是方波。

1. When the ambient temperature rises
When the ambient temperature rises, the allowable floating charge voltage of the battery decreases correspondingly. If it remains unchanged, the battery will be in an overcharge state, which will accelerate the aging of the battery. Therefore, the temperature compensation circuit is used to adjust the charging voltage of the charger, so that the battery will be in the optimal floating charge state. Temperature compensation can only solve a part of the problem, but in practical application, the effect is remarkable, because the advantages of battery compensation are obvious when the temperature is below 40 C, and the temperature of general computer room rarely exceeds this temperature range. It should be noted that on the other hand, this compensation is non-linear, and if the temperature sensor and a series of signal conversion circuits are not well selected and adjusted, it will lead to over-compensation when the temperature changes, which accelerates the aging of batteries, on the other hand, it will also cause the wrong action of Corstal UPS power supply.
2. When the ambient temperature is too low
When the ambient temperature is too low, although it is beneficial to the storage of batteries and has little effect on the aging of batteries, it can prolong the service life, but it will reduce the discharge capacity of batteries. For example, when the ambient temperature drops from 25 to 0, the effective discharge capacity of the battery will decrease by 20% to 30%.
In fact, the best way to ensure the service life of batteries is to control the ambient temperature between 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. Of course, this is not the whole guarantee of its life, because there are also the number of discharges, discharge depth, discharge and charging current, as well as periodic charging and discharging cycle and so on. Strictly speaking, it is very difficult for almost no room condition to meet so many requirements to meet the life expectancy given by Corstal UPS power supply.
Corstal UPS power supply is an important power supply safeguard equipment. Maintenance is an important work in the process of using, which can prevent machine failure very well. In UPS power supply equipment, in addition to cooling fan and circuit breaker switching components, there are a large number of solid-state electronic devices. These electronic devices have been used uninterruptedly, although there will be no machine wear, but the impact of the peripheral environment on UPS power supply is great, so we need to do a good job of UPS temperature control.
Corstal UPS power supply is because it works in a suitable environment, not only can make the machine work steadily, but also can better extend the life of the machine, so it is very important for UPS power supply to do well in daily maintenance. The working environment of UPS in Epnol should be the same as that of computer. The temperature should be controlled above 5 C and below 22 C. The relative humidity should be controlled below 50%, and the range should not exceed 10%. Of course, as important as these factors, it is necessary to keep the UPS power supply workshop clean, dust-free, pollution-free and harmful gas-free, because these factors also affect the service life of UPS and cause failure. In the daily maintenance work of UPS, engineers need to carry out routine inspection every day. The main purpose is to accumulate the operation experience of UPS power supply and find out the breakdown in time. Therefore, routine inspection should be careful every day.
If it is necessary to use the Corstal UPS power supply outdoors, users must purchase outdoor UPS power supply products, because outdoor UPS power supply can withstand high temperature, as well as dust, moisture and other advantages.  Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is an important power supply equipment. Maintenance is a very important work in the process of using UPS, which can prevent machine failure very well. In UPS power supply equipment, in addition to cooling fan and circuit breaker switching components, there are a large number of solid-state electronic devices. These electronic devices have been used uninterruptedly, although there will be no machine wear, but the impact of the peripheral environment on UPS power supply is great, so we need to do a good job of UPS temperature control.  Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) can not only make the machine work steadily, but also prolong the life of the machine better, so it is very important for UPS power supply to do well in daily maintenance.
The working environment of Corstal UPS power supply should be the same as that of computer. The temperature should be controlled above 5 C and below 22 C. The relative humidity should be controlled below 50%, and the range should not exceed 10%. Of course, as important as these factors, it is necessary to keep the UPS power supply workshop clean, dust-free, pollution-free and harmful gas-free, because these factors also affect the service life of UPS and cause failure. In the daily maintenance work of UPS, engineers need to carry out routine inspection every day. The main purpose is to accumulate the operation experience of UPS power supply and find out the breakdown in time. Therefore, routine inspection should be careful every day. If it is necessary to use UPS uninterruptible power supply outdoors, users must purchase outdoor UPS power supply products, because outdoor UPS power supply can withstand high temperature, dust, moisture and other advantages.
Sinusoidal waves (or some written pure sinusoidal waves) are of course good. Their waveforms are the same as those generated by electric networks or generators. They are even more perfect than those obtained from electric networks. However, modulating sinusoidal waves is not a simple matter and requires complex control circuits; therefore, the cost will inevitably rise. Therefore, sinusoidal Boscotta UPS power supply generally only appears on units with capacity exceeding 5KVA, or on-line and part of on-line interactive units. Unless the backup units have large capacity, they are also very few.
Sinusoidal wave has the most efficient conversion of power frequency transformer, and can load all the equipment that can be used in city power. But because of the cost problem, there are also many uses at present, such as: the modified sine wave of the modified sine wave and square wave, that is, not a sine curve, but countless small.

科士达UPS电源中的正弦波和方波的区别

科士达UPS电源的输出有两种情形：

A、市电经过简单稳压后的直接输出;

B、市电或电池(直流电压)经过逆变器后的输出。

1、后备式UPS电源

正常模式下(A)：市电经过稳压后输出的是纯正弦波;

电池模式下(B)：直流电压经过逆变器后输出的是方波。

2、在线互动式UPS不间断电源

正常模式下(A)：市电经过稳压后输出的是纯正弦波;

电池模式下(B)：直流电压经过逆变器后输出是非纯正弦波。

3、在线式科士达UPS电源旁路时输出的是纯正弦波

正常模式下(A)：市电经过逆变器后输出是非纯正弦波;

电池模式下(B)：直流电压经过逆变器后输出是非纯正弦波。

科士达UPS电源铅酸电池损坏的四个原因

①失水②硫化物③不平衡④热失控(滚筒充电)

前两者①，占市场上电池损坏的97%。

(1)分析①：铅酸蓄电池失水的主要原因

铅酸电池中的电解质与人体内的血液一样有价值。一旦电解液消失，就意味着电池报废。电解液由稀硫酸和水组成。充电过程中，很难避免失水，充电方式不一样，失水量也不一样。普通的三段式充电模式，充电过程中的水损失是智能脉冲模式的两倍以上!除了电池的自然寿命还有一个损失的生命：单个电池超过90克的水分损失，电池报废。在室温(25℃)下，普通充电器失水量约为0.25克，智能充电脉冲为0.12克。在高温(35℃)下，通用充电器损失0.5克水，智能充电脉冲为0.23克。点击这里计算，普通充电器经过250次水充电干燥循环后，600次循环后水循环中新的三相脉冲将充电干燥。因此，智能脉冲可以延长电池寿命一倍以上。

铅酸电池在充电过程中是最大的问题。

根据美国科学家(J.A.Mas)对铅酸蓄电池充电过程中气体释放的原因和规律的研究，铅酸蓄电池可接受的充电电流如下，以达到最低的气体释放速率：

临界冲气曲线公式为：I = I0e-at%h ^ 2

在充电过程中，充电电流超过临界放气曲线的部分只能使电池与水发生反应产生气体并升温，不能增加电池的容量

①恒流充电阶段，充电电流保持恒定，充满功率快速增加，电压升高;

②恒压充电阶段，充电电压保持恒定，充电电力继续增加，充电电流减小;

③电池充满，电流低于浮充转换电流，充电电压降至浮充电压;

④浮充电阶段，充电电压保持浮充电压;

普通三相充电的第一阶段是恒流充电，主要是考虑到电路设计更方便，而不是最佳的电池性能设计。

根据铅酸蓄电池充入气体的演变过程，三相充电过程中一般的气体释放过程如下：恒流充电的最后一个周期和恒压充电的预充电，电流超过临界气体的演变范围，导致电池的气体放出，导致寿命下降。

超过临界气体释放范围的电流只会导致电池产生气体和温度升高，而不会转化为电池能量，从而降低了充电效率。

①解决方法：脉冲解决失水问题

智能脉冲恒定速度的阶段比普通充电器的恒流+恒压阶段缩短近一个小时，而这一个小时的高压充电是水分分配的关键时刻。智能脉冲在打开电压参数的基础上，把光线转换成智能脉冲是非常准确的，而普通的充电器以电流参数为转向灯，一旦电池硫化，内阻增大，充电电流也增大，很难转灯电流，很容易造成高压段长时间充电，加速水解。

(2)分析②：铅酸电池固化的原因

长期电池潴留，充电过程中长期过度充电和充电不足，使用大电流放电，极易导致电池固化。它的外观是：一个灯，一个充满电，我们称之为电池“假货损坏”。硫酸盐硫酸盐附着在板上，减少了电解质和板的反应区域，电池容量迅速下降。失水会增加电池的固化;硫化会增加电池的失水量，容易形成恶性循环。

解决方案②：智能脉冲溶液固化

智能脉冲使用智能脉冲尖峰可以打破硫酸铅的晶核，使其难以形成硫酸盐。

智能脉冲充电器：①恒功率，②智能脉冲，③滴灌

普通三级：①恒流，②恒压，③浮充

(3)分析③：铅酸电池不平衡

一个电池由三到四个。由于制造过程中，每个电池的绝对平衡无法实现。普通充电器的平均电流先用小容量单电池充电，形成过充电。当电池放电时，小容量电池首先被放电完毕，并形成过放电。长期的恶性循环，让整个电池出现单一的落后，让整个电池报废。三级充电器浮充级，小电流500mA，其作用是补偿充电，使电池充满。但是它也带来了两个副作用：1，充满电，过量电流不断，电能转化为热量，水分解，加速水分的分配; 2，小电流充电，造成大电流分叉，容易造成电池组不平衡。

解决方案③：智能脉冲解决电池不平衡程序

智能脉动失水量是普通充电器的三分之一，水分损失少，电池电压差会小;另一方面水损失大，则电池电压差。随着失水量的增加，硫化会增加，而一般充电器不会消除硫化功能，所以电池组不平衡。智能脉冲充电，水分损失少，电池电压差小，当电池固化后，可将脉冲去除，使整组电池趋于平衡。智能脉冲恒功率级大电流，作用是：1，快速充电，节省充电时间; 2，启动电池板消除电池钝化现象，恢复电池容量，使整组电池容量趋于平衡。放电阶段，为消除电流分叉的影响，电池充满充电不足，充满后自动关闭，减少水分解，保持电池平衡。

(4)分析④：铅酸电池热失控问题

电池变形不是一个突然，往往是一个过程。当电池充电到容量的80%时，进入高压充电区。此时，氧气首先在正极板上沉淀，氧气通过隔膜上的孔达到负极板。氧气复苏反应在负极板上进行：2Pb + O2(氧气)= 2PbO + Q(加热); PbO + H 2 SO 4 = PbSO 4 + H 2 O + Q(热量)。当反应达到90%时，氧气产生速率增加，阳极开始产生氢气。大量气体的增加导致电池的内部压力超过阀门压力，安全阀打开，气体逸出，最终失去水分。 2H2O = 2H2↑+ O2↑。随着电池循环次数的增加，水逐渐减少，电池出现如下：

⑴氧“通道”变平滑，“通道”产生的正氧化很容易达到负值;

⑵热容量减小，电池热容量最大，失水量最大，电池热容量大大降低，电池产生的热量温度迅速上升;

⑶由于失水电池超细玻璃纤维隔板发生收缩，使正负极板粘附性变差，内阻增大，充放电过程中热量增加。经过以上过程，电池内部产生的热量只能通过电池槽热量，如发热量小于发热量，即温升现象。温度上升，使电池的演变过电位降低，气体放出量增加，大量正极氧化通过“通道”在负极表面发生反应，发出大量热量，使温度迅速升高形成一个恶性循环，即所谓的“热失控”。

The Difference between Sinusoidal and Square Waves in Costa UPS Power Supply
There are two kinds of output of Kosta UPS power supply:
A. Direct output of municipal power after simple voltage stabilization;
B. The output of municipal electricity or batteries (DC voltage) after the inverters.
1. Backup UPS Power Supply
Under normal mode (A): the output of city power is pure sinusoidal wave after voltage stabilization.
Battery mode (B): The output of DC voltage through the inverter is square wave.
2. On-line Interactive UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
Under normal mode (A): the output of city power is pure sinusoidal wave after voltage stabilization.
Battery mode (B): DC voltage after the inverter output is a non-pure sinusoidal wave.
3. Pure sinusoidal wave is output when on-line Corstal UPS power supply bypass
In normal mode (A): the output of municipal power after the inverter is non-pure sinusoidal wave;
Battery mode (B): DC voltage after the inverter output is a non-pure sinusoidal wave.
Four Reasons for Damage of Lead-acid Batteries in Corstal UPS Power Supply
Loss of water, sulfide, unbalance, thermal runaway (drum charging)
The first two, accounting for 97% of battery damage in the market.
(1) Analysis: (1) Main causes of water loss in lead-acid batteries
Electrolytes in lead-acid batteries are as valuable as human blood. Once the electrolyte disappears, it means the battery is scrapped. The electrolyte consists of dilute sulfuric acid and water. In the process of charging, it is difficult to avoid losing water. The way of charging is different, and the amount of losing water is also different. In the ordinary three-stage charging mode, the water loss during charging is more than twice that of the intelligent pulse mode. In addition to the natural life of the battery, there is a loss of life: a single battery loses more than 90 grams of water, and the battery is discarded. At room temperature (25 C), the water loss of ordinary charger is about 0.25 g, and the intelligent charging pulse is 0.12 G. At high temperature (35 C), the general charger loses 0.5 g of water and the intelligent charging pulse is 0.23 G. Click here to calculate that after 250 water charging and drying cycles, the new three-phase pulses in 600 water cycles will be charged and dried. Therefore, intelligent pulse can prolong the battery life more than twice.
Lead-acid batteries are the biggest problem in the charging process.
According to J.A. Mas's research on the causes and rules of gas release during the charging process of lead-acid batteries, the acceptable charging current of lead-acid batteries is as follows, in order to achieve the lowest gas release rate:
The critical impulse curve formula is: I = I0e-at% H ^ 2
In the charging process, the part of charging current exceeding the critical discharge curve can only make the battery react with water to produce gas and heat up, but can not increase the capacity of the battery.
In the constant current charging stage, the charging current keeps constant, the full power increases rapidly and the voltage increases.
(2) In the constant voltage charging stage, the charging voltage remains constant, the charging power continues to increase and the charging current decreases;
(3) The battery is full, the current is lower than the floating charge conversion current, and the charging voltage drops to the floating charge voltage.
In the floating charging stage, the charging voltage keeps the floating charging voltage.
The first stage of ordinary three-phase charging is constant current charging, mainly considering that the circuit design is more convenient, rather than the best battery performance design.
According to the evolution process of charging gas in lead-acid batteries, the general gas release process in three-phase charging process is as follows: the last cycle of constant current charging and the pre-charging of constant voltage charging, the current exceeds the evolution range of critical gas, which leads to the gas release of batteries and the decrease of life.
Current beyond the critical gas release range will only increase the gas production and temperature of the battery, but will not be converted into battery energy, thus reducing the charging efficiency.
Solution: Pulse Solving Water Loss Problem
The period of constant speed of intelligent pulse is shorter by nearly an hour than that of constant current and constant voltage of ordinary charger, and the hour of high voltage charging is the key time of water distribution. Intelligent pulse converts light into intelligent pulse on the basis of switching on voltage parameters, which is very accurate. The common charger takes current parameters as turning lamp. Once the battery is vulcanized, the internal resistance increases, and the charging current increases. It is difficult to turn the lamp current. It is easy to cause long-term charging in high voltage section and accelerate hydrolysis.
(2) Analysis (2) Causes of solidification of lead-acid batteries
Long-term battery retention, long-term excessive charging and insufficient charging in the charging process, the use of high current discharge, it is very easy to lead to battery solidification. Its appearance is: a lamp, a full of electricity, we call the battery "fake damage". Sulfate sulfate is attached to the plate, which reduces the reaction area between electrolyte and the plate, and the battery capacity decreases rapidly.  Water loss will increase the solidification of batteries; sulfuration will increase the water loss of batteries, which is easy to form a vicious cycle.
Solution 2: Intelligent Pulse Solution Curing
Intelligent pulse can break the nucleus of lead sulfate and make it difficult to form sulfate.
Intelligent pulse charger: 1. Constant power, 2. Intelligent pulse, 3. Drip irrigation
Ordinary Level 3: 1 Constant Current, 2 Constant Pressure, 3 Floating Charging
(3) Analysis (3) Unbalance of lead-acid batteries
One battery consists of three to four. Due to the manufacturing process, the absolute balance of each battery can not be achieved. The average current of ordinary charger is charged with a small capacity single battery to form overcharge. When the battery is discharged, the small capacity battery is first discharged and overdischarge is formed. Long-term vicious cycle, so that the whole battery appears a single backward, so that the whole battery scrap. Three-stage charger floating stage, low current 500 mA, its role is to compensate charging, so that the battery is full. But it also brings two side effects: 1. Full charge, constant excess current, conversion of electric energy into heat, water decomposition, and acceleration of water distribution; 2. Small current charging, resulting in large current bifurcation, capacity.

科士达YDE2060    UPS电源

科士达YDE1200    UPS电源

科士达YDC9101S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9101H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9102S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9102H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9103S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9103H UPS电源

科士达YDC9106H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9110H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9106S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9110S  UPS电源

科士达YDC9310H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9315H  UPS电源

科士达YDC9320H  UPS电源

科士达YDC3310     UPS电源

科士达YDC3315     UPS电源

科士达YDC3320     UPS电源

科士达YDC3330     UPS电源