数据中心电源中断的危害与科士达UPS电源的作用

如果市电出现故障，科士达UPS电源对于数据中心的作用则至关重要，因为其所提供的保护远远超出其本身提供电源的作用。通常情况下，来自重工业设备的干扰源可能会影响输入电源的质量，导致交流电源的波形畸变。而科士达UPS电源设备可以防止这些干扰传送到数据中心的敏感信息通信技术设备，因此这些干扰不仅能够使IT系统性能下降，而且有可能永久性地损坏硬件设备，导致数据损坏和丢失，并严重影响组织的声誉。

本文将讨论数据中心可能遇到的主要中断问题，以及科士达UPS电源和相关设备如何防止这些中断造成危害。图1列出了对输入电源的一些干扰和影响。

In the event of a power failure, Corstal UPS power supply is critical for the data center, because it provides far more protection than its own power supply. Usually, interference sources from heavy industrial equipment may affect the quality of input power supply, resulting in waveform distortion of AC power supply. Corstal UPS power supply equipment can prevent these interference from being transmitted to sensitive ICT devices in data centers. Therefore, these interference not only can degrade the performance of IT systems, but also may permanently damage hardware devices, resulting in data damage and loss, and seriously affect the reputation of the organization.
This article will discuss the major interruptions that data centers may encounter, and how Corstal UPS power and related equipment can prevent these interruptions from causing harm. Figure 1 shows some interference and effects on the input power supply.

图1典型的交流电源问题

电源干扰类型

电源尖峰是叠加在交流电源波形上的短时间的极高电压，可能会破坏电气和电子设备。它们可能是由于雷击，大电流设备的切换，电力公司的负载切换，甚至恒温器故障所引起的。

由于电源线和地线之间的干扰，电气噪声可能是共模的。否则由于相线之间或相线对中性线的干扰，它可能是正常模式，其原因包括雷击，负载切换，电缆故障和附近的射频设备。

进入地线的高频噪声会影响使用供电系统接地的敏感电子电路的参考点，可能导致计算机宕机并损坏数据。

浪涌是瞬间出现超出稳定值的峰值电压，通常在大负载关闭后出现，或在变电站进行负载切换之后出现。这个相对长的持续时间可能导致计算机开关电源组件的劣化，并导致过早失效。

电压下陷是指低于额定值的低压，并且持续时间可能是一个或数个周期，其状态与电源尖峰相似，只是反向的，但持续时间更长。通常，大负载切换或旋转机械启动会导致电压下陷，如果时间更长的话，则可能导致计算机重新启动。

谐波通常是由于正弦电压加载在非线性负载，基波电流发生畸变而产生的。受控整流器，开关电源或旋转电机等负载容易引起这种干扰，其典型的来源包括电脑，复印机，激光打印机和变速电机。另外，随着温度升高，谐波可能会导致电流不成比例的上升。这些可能导致部件故障，设备过热等问题。

Power spike is a short period of extremely high voltage superimposed on the waveform of AC power supply, which may damage electrical and electronic equipment. They may be caused by lightning strikes, switching of high-current equipment, load switching of power companies, or even thermostat failures.
Electrical noise may be common mode due to interference between power and ground wires. Otherwise, due to the interference between the phase lines or between the phase lines to the neutral line, it may be normal mode. The causes include lightning stroke, load switching, cable failure and nearby radio frequency equipment.
The high frequency noise entering the ground wire will affect the reference points of sensitive electronic circuits grounded by power supply system, and may cause computer downtime and damage data.
Surge occurs instantaneously when the peak voltage exceeds the stable value. It usually occurs after the closure of the heavy load or after the load switching in the substation. This relatively long duration may lead to deterioration of computer switching power supply components and premature failure.
Voltage sag refers to the low voltage below the rated value, and the duration may be one or more cycles. Its state is similar to the peak of the power supply, but reverse, but longer. Usually, switching over heavy loads or starting a rotating machine will lead to voltage sags, which may lead to computer restart if the time is longer.
Harmonics are usually caused by the distortion of fundamental current when sinusoidal voltage is loaded on a non-linear load. Controlled rectifiers, switching power supplies or rotating motors are liable to cause such interference. Typical sources include computers, photocopiers, laser printers and speed motors. In addition, as the temperature increases, harmonics may lead to a disproportionate increase in current. These may lead to parts failure, equipment overheating and other issues.

数据中心的科士达UPS电源供电系统

由于大多数电脑是由内部开关电源驱动的，随着机房设备中电脑数量的增加，逐渐产生了谐波相关的问题。在极端情况下，谐波产生的热量可能会破坏数据中心主要的中性线。

电压跌落的持续时间很长，其后果通常更严重。当市电不能满足当前的负载需求时，就会出现这种情况，而在极端情况下，这种情况将会持续数小时。

断电是电源完全失效，这是组织投资部署科士达UPS电源的最主要的原因。如果没有科士达UPS电源进行断电保护，其影响对于数据中心来说可能是毁灭性的。断电的原因主要包括供电线路故障，发生事故，雷暴，以及一系列其他问题。

科士达UPS电源和干扰保护

为了保护数据中心设施免受上述干扰，数据中心业主将大多数选择在线式科士达UPS电源而不是离线式UPS.在正常运行期间，科士达UPS电源首先对输入的电源进行整流，以获得直流电，为电池充电，然后将直流向逆变成交流电给负载供电。这意味着IT负载总是接收来自逆变器的稳压电压的调节电源，科士达UPS电源的转换阶段保护可以保护IT设备免受市电噪声和瞬变的影响。相比之下，离线式科士达UPS电源在正常运行期间将未过滤的市电直接馈送给IT负载，使IT负载容易受到市电的各种干扰。

通过在供电线路中安装合适的滤波器和隔离变压器，可以显著降低射频噪声干扰和尖峰。其外部连接的组件也可以减少浪涌。这些措施包括在一些设备安装浪涌抑制滤波器，以及实施适当的电缆屏蔽和良好的接地。

令人关注的是，尽管只有几毫秒的电源中断，却可能导致一些设备或操作完全失败，而其他设备可能会经历几个电源故障的周期却没有什么影响。

科士达UPS电源首次充电有技巧

新购置科士达UPS电源后，要将科士达UPS电源插入220V市电电网中，充电至少12小时以上，以确保电池充电充分。否则，蓄电池的实际可供使用的容量将大大低于蓄电池的标称容量。若科士达UPS电源长期不用。应每隔2～3个月开机24小时，让其充电充分，并让科士达UPS电源处于逆变器工作状态下2～3分钟，以保证电池的正常寿命。科士达UPS电源一旦接通市电，即开始对电池组充电，持续按开机键1秒以上进行开机，即开启逆变器。

COSTAR UPS POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN DATA CENTER
Since most computers are driven by internal switching power supply, with the increase of the number of computers in computer room equipment, harmonic related problems gradually arise. In extreme cases, the heat generated by harmonics may destroy the main neutral lines in data centers.
Voltage sags last for a long time and usually have more serious consequences. This happens when municipal power fails to meet current load requirements, which in extreme cases will last for hours.
Power failure is the main reason for the organization to invest in the deployment of Kosta UPS power supply. Without Kosta UPS power supply for power-off protection, the impact could be devastating for data centers. The main causes of power failure include power supply line failure, accidents, thunderstorms, and a series of other problems.
Corstal UPS Power Supply and Interference Protection
In order to protect the data center facilities from the interference mentioned above, most of the owners of the data center will choose the online Corstal UPS power supply instead of the offline UPS. During normal operation, the Corstal UPS power supply first rectifies the input power supply to obtain direct current, charge the batteries, and then reverse the direct current to AC power supply to the load. This means that the IT load always receives the regulated power supply from the voltage stabilizer of the inverters. The protection of the converting phase of the Kosta UPS power supply can protect the IT equipment from the noise and transient effects of the market electricity. In contrast, the off-line Costa UPS power supply feeds the unfiltered municipal power directly to the IT load during normal operation, which makes the IT load vulnerable to various interference from the municipal power.
By installing appropriate filters and isolation transformers in power supply lines, the interference and spikes of radio frequency noise can be significantly reduced. Its externally connected components can also reduce surges. These measures include the installation of surge suppression filters in some equipment, as well as the implementation of appropriate cable shielding and good grounding.
It is interesting to note that, although only a few milliseconds of power interruption may result in complete failure of some devices or operations, while other devices may experience several power failure cycles with little impact.
Skillful First Charging of Kosta UPS Power Supply
After the newly purchased Corstal UPS power supply, the Corstal UPS power supply should be inserted into the 220V municipal power grid and charged for at least 12 hours to ensure that the battery is fully charged. Otherwise, the actual available capacity of the battery will be much lower than the nominal capacity of the battery. If Kosta UPS power supply is not used for a long time. It should be turned on 24 hours every 2-3 months so that it can be fully charged, and Keshida UPS power supply should be kept in the working state of inverters for 2-3 minutes to ensure the normal life of batteries. Once the UPS power supply of Costa is connected to the market, it will start charging the batteries, and continue to press the boot button for more than 1 second to start, that is, to turn on the inverters.

合理选择科士达UPS电源安装位置

一个好的安装位置非常重要，放置科士达UPS电源的地方必须具备良好的通风效果，要远离水、可燃性气体和腐蚀剂，环境温度保持在0～40℃之间，若是在低温下拆装使用，可能会有水滴凝结现象。环境温度一旦超过25度，每升高10度，电池的寿命就要缩短一半。目前科士达UPS电源所用的蓄电池一般都是免维护的密封铅酸电池，设计寿命普遍是5年。

科士达UPS电源不宜侧放，应保持进风孔与出风孔通畅;负载与科士达UPS电源连接时，须先关闭负载、再接线，然后逐个打开负载，严禁将电动、复印机等感性负载接入科士达UPS电源，以免造成伤害。将科士达UPS电源接到专用的带有过电流保护装置的插座上时，所用电源插座应接保护地端;无论输入电源线是否插入市电插座，科士达UPS电源输出都可能带电。要使科士达UPS电源无输出，须先关掉开关，再取消市电供应。

使用科士达UPS电源时的开机和关机顺序

正确的开机关机顺序应该是先打开科士达UPS电源给它供电，然后再打开各个负载，这样可以避免启动时瞬间的电流冲击给科士达UPS电源造成的损害，在关机时的顺序正好相反应该先关闭各个负载最后关闭科士达UPS电源.在市电中断由UPS供电时，应该尽快保存好自己的数据和资料然后关闭电脑，否则使用科士达UPS电源进行工作可能会使UPS过量放电，从而缩短科士达UPS电源的使用寿命。

科士达UPS电源不可长期闲置

蓄电池的过度放电和蓄电池长期开路闲置不用可使蓄电池的内阻增大，可充、放电性能变坏。对于长期闲置不用的科士达UPS电源，在重新开机使用前，让科士达UPS电源利用机内的充电回路充电12小时以后再接负荷，对于后备式科士达UPS电源，最好每隔一个月让科士达UPS电源处于逆变器状态工作2～3分钟，来激活蓄电池。此外，还需要严格控制蓄电池的充电电流不得超过蓄电池允许的最大充电电流。因为过大的充电电流会导致蓄电池的使用寿命缩短。

交流稳压器的使用

使用科士达UPS电源后，不必再加交流稳压器。若一定要加，应加在UPS电源的前级，即市电先经交流稳压器，再经UPS电源，然后到负载。

避免过载使用科士达UPS电源

在使用科士达UPS电源的时候还要计算负载的大小，要避免负载的过大或者过小，过大的负载会使科士达UPS电源长期工作在超负荷状态从而缩短科士达UPS电源的使用寿命;如果负载过小，科士达UPS电源的工作电路长期工作在不正常状态，这对于科士达UPS电源也是有一定危害的。合理的负载应该控制在50%到80%之间。实践证明，科士达UPS电源输出负载控制在60%左右为最佳，可靠性最好。在科士达UPS电源出现过载或逆变器故障时会转到旁路模式运行，此时科士达UPS电源不具备后备功能，负载所用的电源是通过电力系统直接供应的。

Reasonable Choice of Installation Location of Corstal UPS Power Supply
A good installation position is very important. The place where Corstal UPS power supply is placed must have good ventilation effect. It should be far away from water, flammable gases and corrosives. The ambient temperature should be kept between 0 and 40 C. If it is disassembled and assembled at low temperature, there may be water droplet condensation. Once the ambient temperature exceeds 25 degrees, the battery life will be reduced by half for every 10 degrees increase. At present, the storage battery used in Kosta UPS power supply is generally maintenance-free sealed lead-acid battery, and its design life is generally 5 years.
Corstal UPS power supply is not suitable for side discharge, should keep intake and outlet open; when load is connected with Corstal UPS power supply, load should be closed first, then wiring, and then turn on load one by one. It is strictly prohibited to connect inductive loads such as electric, photocopier to Corstal UPS power supply in order to avoid harm. When the Corstal UPS power supply is connected to a special socket with over-current protection device, the socket used should be connected to protect the ground end. Whether the input power line is inserted into the city power socket or not, the output of Corstal UPS power supply may be live. In order to make the UPS power supply of Costa have no output, it is necessary to turn off the switch first, and then cancel the power supply.
Start-up and shut-down sequence when using Kosta UPS power supply
The correct turn-on sequence should be to turn on the Kosta UPS power supply to supply it, and then turn on the various loads, so as to avoid the damage caused by the instantaneous current impact on the Kosta UPS power supply when starting. On the contrary, the turn-off sequence should first turn off the loads and finally turn off the Kosta UPS power supply. When the city power is interrupted by UPS power supply, you should save yourself as soon as possible. Data and data then turn off the computer, otherwise using the Corstal UPS power supply to work may cause the UPS to discharge excessively, thus shortening the service life of the Corstal UPS power supply.
Corstal UPS power supply should not be idle for a long time
Overdischarge and long-term idle use of batteries can increase the internal resistance of batteries and deteriorate their charging and discharging performance. For the long-term idle Corstal UPS power supply, before restarting, let the Corstal UPS power supply use the charging circuit in the machine to charge for 12 hours before reloading. For the backup Corstal UPS power supply, it is better to let the Corstal UPS power supply work in the inverter state for 2-3 minutes every other month to activate the battery. In addition, it is necessary to strictly control the charging current of batteries, which should not exceed the maximum allowable charging current of batteries.  Because excessive charging current will shorten the life of the battery.
Application of AC Voltage Regulator
No AC regulator is needed after using Kosta UPS power supply. If it must be added, it should be in the front stage of UPS power supply, that is, municipal power first through AC regulator, then through UPS power supply, and then to load.
Avoid overload using Kosta UPS power supply
When using Corstal UPS power supply, we should also calculate the size of the load, to avoid overload or too small load, too large load will make Corstal UPS power supply work in overload state for a long time, thus shortening the service life of Corstal UPS power supply; if the load is too small, the working circuit of Corstal UPS power supply will work in abnormal state for a long time, which is also certain for Corstal UPS power supply. Hazardous. Reasonable load should be controlled between 50% and 80%. Practice has proved that the output load control of Corstal UPS power supply at about 60% is the best and the reliability is the best. When the Kosta UPS power supply is overloaded or the inverter fails, it will turn to bypass mode. At this time, the Kosta UPS power supply does not have backup function. The power used by the load is supplied directly through the power system.

蓄电池均衡充电有技巧

目前许多科士达UPS电源中使用的阀控式铅酸蓄电池(VRLA)从一开始便被称为免维护电池，这样就给用户一种误解，似乎这种电池既耐用又完全不需要维护。UPS电源中的蓄电池遇到下列情况时，应对蓄电池进行均衡充电：过量放电致使端电压低于蓄电池规定的标定电压时。对12V的小型密封式铅酸蓄电池，其放电标定电压为10.5V;对24V的蓄电池组，其放电终了电压为21V;对96V的蓄电池组，其放电标定电压为85V.放电后未及时对电池进行充电;长期闲置不用的电池。市电中断，连续浮充的电池，放出近一半容量的电池。

不要使用柴油发电机

科士达UPS电源不宜由柴油发电机供电，因其频率经常突变不稳，影响UPS电源的正常运行。

作好实时监控

目前智能科士达UPS电源都具备与微机通讯和程序控制等可操作性能特性。在微机上安装相应的软件，通过串/并口连接UPS电源，运行该程序，就可以利用微机与UPS电源进行通讯。一般具有信息查询、参数设置、定时设定、自动关机和报警等功能。如Winpower.然后通过专用串口控制电缆，将科士达UPS电源连接电脑上，再通过RS232与RS485两种协议通讯，就可实现科士达UPS电源无市电输入且低电量时自动关机的功能了。且它可同时监控个串口上所连接的多台科士达UPS电源。

科士达UPS电源输入输出配电柜是电力机房中心使用的，有功能完善，结构紧凑，稳定可靠等特点，UPS实际上就是不间断电源，科士达UPS电源输入输出柜是针对科士达UPS电源特性量身打造的设备。它能够控制配电单元，机架式配电单元以及中心配电，能够方便管理。

科士达UPS电源输入输出柜的电缆桥架系列：金属槽式、梯式、托盘式电缆桥架，热镀锌电缆桥架，玻璃钢电缆桥架。

科士达UPS电源输入输出配电柜，它包括输入配电柜、UPS及输出配电柜，输出则由电缆输入UPS，UPS对齐进行存储后成为稳定三相电输出，该输出经由电缆经输出配电柜后输出至外部负载供电。

其特征在于：所述连接电缆包括有中性线;所述科士达UPS电源输出电缆中的中性线，其内导体的截面大于相线电缆中导体的截面。内部各功能单元所安装的进出线断路器按顺序分层排列。塑壳断路器采用固定式安装，微型断路器采用导轨卡式安装。确保操作维护安全方便，加上高度模块化的设计，为快速简单的安装及故障维护提供了极大的便利。

当前科士达UPS电源的结构形式，是由上世纪70年代UPS开发的初期决定的。那时的计算机采用的是以工频变压器为依托的线性电源，同时又由于交流电动机负载的存在，因此早期的科士达UPS电源主要目的是保持工频交流不中断一为了达到这个目的就必须进行逆变，于是逆变器就成了UPS中的核心部件。

科士达UPS电源性能的改善和功能的提高，都集中表现在逆变器上，因此大家都围绕着逆变器大做文章，使逆变器成为科士达UPS电源中电路最复杂，工艺最复杂，元器件用得最多，要求又最严格、设计制造最困难。体积最大、造价最高的部件，它占去了科士达UPS电源整机成本、体积、重量和功耗的90%以上，成为UPS技术、功能和制造维护的难点集中地，当然也是科士达UPS电源故障最多、可靠性最差的地方。

因此，对科士达UPS电源革命自然而然地应从逆变器人手。也就是说要取消逆变器，只有这样才是对科士达UPS电源不间断电源最彻底的革命。但去掉逆变器在开关电源未普及之前决非易事，它有三大难点不能解决：一是直流电压不能通过工频变压器向线性稳压电源输送电能，亦即不能实现不问断供电;二是大功率直流稳压困难，计算机的多种低压直流电源采用直流变压困难;三是市电与计算机的电隔离困难。

高频开关电源的出现与广泛应用，为解决上述三大难点创造了条件。高频开关电源萌芽于20世纪50年代，到20世纪70年代完成了20kHzPWM开关电源样机，被称作“20kHz革命”，是直流稳压电源发展史上的一个巨大飞跃。到20世纪术高频开关电源技术已经非常成熟，并得到了广泛的应用，特别是在计算机电源中的应用，为UPS取消逆变器创造了条件，因为它解决了直流蓄电池电压的稳压、变压和市电与计算机之间的隔离问题。

Corstal UPS power supply should not be supplied by diesel generators, because its frequency is often abrupt and unstable, affecting the normal operation of UPS power supply.
Real-time monitoring
At present, the UPS power supply of Intelligent Costa has the operational performance characteristics of communication with computer and program control. The corresponding software is installed on the computer, and the UPS power supply is connected through serial/parallel ports. By running the program, the computer can communicate with the UPS power supply. Generally, it has the functions of information inquiry, parameter setting, timing setting, automatic shutdown and alarm. For example, Winpower. Then through the dedicated serial port control cable, the Corstal UPS power supply is connected to the computer, and then through RS232 and RS485 protocol communication, the Corstal UPS power supply can realize the function of automatic shutdown when there is no market power input and low power. And it can simultaneously monitor multiple Kosta UPS power supply connected on a serial port.
Corstal UPS power supply input and output distribution cabinet is used in the power room center. It has the characteristics of perfect function, compact structure, stability and reliability. UPS is actually uninterruptible power supply. Corstal UPS power supply input and output cabinet is a device tailored to Corstal UPS power supply characteristics. It can control distribution units, rack distribution units and central distribution, and can be easily managed.
Corstal UPS power supply input and output cabinet cable bridge series: metal trough type, ladder type, tray type cable bridge, galvanized cable bridge, FRP cable bridge.
Corstal UPS power supply input-output distribution cabinet, which includes input distribution cabinet, UPS and output distribution cabinet, the output is input by the cable UPS, UPS alignment for storage to become a stable three-phase power output, the output is output to the external load power supply through the cable through the output distribution cabinet.
The structure is characterized in that the connecting cable includes a neutral line, and the inner conductor section of the neutral line in the output cable of the Kosta UPS power supply is larger than that of the conductor in the phase cable. The inbound and outbound circuit breakers installed in the internal functional units are arranged in a hierarchical order. Plastic case circuit breaker is fixed installation, miniature circuit breaker is guideway card installation. Ensuring safe and convenient operation and maintenance, coupled with highly modular design, provides great convenience for quick and simple installation and fault maintenance.
Currently, the structure of Corstal UPS power supply is determined by the early development of UPS in 1970s. At that time, the computer used linear power supply based on power frequency transformer, and because of the existence of AC motor load, so the main purpose of the early Kosta UPS power supply was to keep power frequency AC uninterrupted. In order to achieve this goal, it must be inverted, so the inverter became the core component of UPS.
The performance improvement and function improvement of Kosta UPS power supply are concentrated on the inverters. Therefore, we all focus on the inverters, making the inverters the most complex circuit, the most complex process, the most used components, the most stringent requirements, and the most difficult to design and manufacture in Kosta UPS power supply. The largest and most expensive component, which accounts for more than 90% of Cost, Volume, Weight and Power Consumption of Kosta UPS power supply, has become the difficult focus of UPS technology, function and manufacturing maintenance, and of course, the most failures and the worst reliability of Kosta UPS power supply.
Therefore, the UPS power revolution in Costa should naturally be handled by the inverters. That is to say, to cancel the inverters, only in this way is the most thorough revolution of uninterruptible power supply for Kosta UPS. But it is not easy to get rid of the inverters before the popularization of switching power supply. There are three difficulties that can not be solved: first, DC voltage can not transmit power to linear regulated power supply through power frequency transformer, that is, it can not realize uninterrupted power supply; second, it is difficult to stabilize high power DC voltage, and it is difficult for many low voltage DC power supply of computer to adopt DC voltage conversion; third, the problem of isolation between city power and computer. Hard.
The emergence and wide application of high-frequency switching power supply create conditions for solving the above three difficulties. High-frequency switching power supply sprouted in the 1950s, and completed the 20kHz PWM switching power supply prototype in the 1970s. It is called the "20kHz revolution", which is a great leap in the history of the development of DC regulated power supply. By the 20th century, the technology of high-frequency switching power supply has been very mature and widely used, especially in computer power supply. It creates conditions for UPS to cancel inverters, because it solves the problems of voltage stabilization, voltage conversion of DC battery and isolation between market and computer.

为了减小低压大电流时的线路压降，减小电源故障的影响范围，提高供电的可靠性，一般在小型计算机中都装有高频开关电源。

科士达UPS电源主机和蓄电池运行正常，但由于电池组使用寿命已经超过使用年限。为了避免蓄电池老化，搬迁后对科士达UPS电源主机供电系统运行的影响和科士达UPS电源后备时间的保证。

制定搬迁规划

实施流程

现场勘察→与甲方技术人员现场交流→确定实施方案→对设备进行分析→制定应急方案。

流程主要根据搬迁前的需要制定，主要详细了解当前系统设备情况，系统运行情况。针对所了解情况制定详细搬迁方案以及应急方案。

工程师了解用户现在机房的现状以及搬迁后的具体要求。充分考虑在实施过程中可能出现的各种情况，定制详细可行性的迁移实施计划，将机房迁移工作对用户的影响降至最小。

在搬迁过程中需要UPS厂家技术人员密切配合。

为保证搬迁工作顺利、有序、安全的进行将制定详细的搬迁流程，进行细致的分工，具体工作安排到人，责任到人。

人员组织安排

科士达UPS电源电池搬迁工作由计算机机房信息中心负责总体协调，设搬迁工作总指挥1名。

下设4个小组：

机房施工单位工作组;

设备搬迁工作组;

设备调试工作组;

专家组;

具体分工如下：

1、总指挥

负责按搬迁方案时间表落实各单位工作进度到位时间，协调各单位工作的相互连接，及时发现情况给予调整、协调总体指挥搬迁工作。

2、机房施工工作组

根据要求把电池(12组，共256节)一一到位。

3、设备搬迁工作组

负责安全、完好，齐备的设备(电池)搬迁工作，从原机房处拆卸后，轻搬轻放运入新建机房中，相应对设备(电池)安放位置并连接到位。

4、设备调试工作组

由原设备维保单位工程师组成，负责原UPS关机，对UPS线路、性能的检测、调试工作。

5、专家组

观察全程搬迁过程，及时发现、指正搬迁工作中的一些不规范、不科学行为，并负责处理应急情况的发生。

拆除搬运工具

详细实施方案

1、实施流程

2、制定实施时间

由于更换的电池的数量比较多，电池的重量也比较重;而且考虑现场的施工条件，安装工作有一定的难度，加上安装前的准备工作和安装后的调试工作，因此要给出一定的施工时间。

科士达UPS电源拆除步骤

1、对待搬迁的科士达UPS电源和电池进行自检，并布设由原电池间至新电池间电池连接线。

2、科士达UPS电源关机，用万用表测量电压，确认输入输出空开断开。

3、电池开关闭合。

4、开始拆除输入输出电缆，电池连线。

搬 运

1、拆除后的设备用纸壳包装。零配件装入密封袋，做好标签。

2、拆下来的科士达UPS电源主机和电池分别运输。

3、减震处理，在液压车上放好减震垫，保证在运输过程中减少对设备的震动。

科士达UPS电源主机安装

1、将输入A、B、C相火线、N线和PE线分别接到单机POD的用户端子排mA、mB、mC、mN端子和PE端子上。

2、将输出A、B、C相火线、N线和PE线分别接到单机POD的用户端子排oA、oB、oC、oN端子和PE端子上。

3、拆下UPS输入输出端子排上的所有短接铜排3，将单机POD的UPS端子排与UPS输入输出端子排上丝印相同的端子一一对应连接，并将UPS输入输出端子排上两个PE端子与单机POD的PE端子相连接。

科士达UPS电源主机安装

1、确认UPS外部的所有输入输出开关均处于断开位置。

2、连接电池电缆。

选配电池模块(2个)

1、取出科士达UPS电源的选件一分多电池电缆组件，将电缆上标识为“电池模块1”、“电池模块2”的插头分别插到2个电池模块后面板上的任一电池接口。

2、将电池电缆标识为“UPSPE”的一端就近接地。

3、将电池电缆标识为“BAT+”、“BATN”、“BAT-”的一端分别连接到UPS输入输出端子排的“Bat+”、“BatN”、“Bat-”端子。

4、用螺丝刀将电池模块的电池接口两边的固定螺杆拧紧，以防止电池电缆松动或脱落。

未选配电池模块：

将外接电池的“+”、“N”、“-”端子分别与科士达UPS电源输入输出端子排的“Bat+”、“BatN”、“Bat-”端子相连接。

电池拆除安装及搬运中应注意几点问题：

1、注意人身安全和设备安全，施工前必须了解现场情况，施工时避免影响其它设备的正常运行;

2、搬运电池的过程中注意避免电池的碰撞和摔坏，做到轻拿轻放，搬运时由两人进行操作;

3、由于现场空间比较狭窄，注意保持通道的畅通，同时注意甲方周围的环境，避免影响甲方的正常工作;

4、操作时注意电池的正负极接反，安装人员在施工时不应带手表等金属物件，避免造成短路打火现象;

5、对在电池架下层的施工时要注意安装空间和安装光线问题，每做一步都要仔细、认真、正确、规范;

6、每安装完一组电池时应测量电池电压，确保每组电池电压相同后再做并联连接，禁止不同电压的电池组并联;并且把更换下来的旧电池安放到用户指定的位置，禁止乱摆乱放;

7、电池端子连接时不能过紧和过松，安装完一组后都要手扳动一下电池接线端子，检查是否连接牢固;

8、和用户的相关负责人保持联系，如有任何问题应及时向相关负责人沟通、报告。

电池安装完成后的检查工作

主要检查以下几个方面：

1、科士达UPS电源室的现场环境情况、电池的摆放和联接情况。

2、检测科士达UPS电源主机的输入输出的电压、电流;充电电压;工作状态等情况，确保全部检测数据达到要求的参数范围内，并做好记录。

3、确认科士达UPS电源主机和电池处于正常运行，然后进行市电断电试验，检测电池自动切换和电池供电时间情况等。

在电池的拆除安装及搬迁工作中，科士达UPS电源电池有可能会出现以下情况：

1、电池运行一段时间会出现发热现象;

2、电池发热后有可能会出现起泡漏液现象。

开机调试

此开机步骤适用于在科士达UPS电源处于完全断电状态下对科士达UPS电源进行开机。操作步骤如下：

1、依次闭合科士达UPS电源外部的输出开关和输入开关。此时，LCD显示启动屏，整流器启动。整流器进入正常运行状态后约30秒，整流器启动完毕。

2、按下ON键2秒

此时，逆变器启动，逆变器指示灯绿色闪烁。逆变器运行正常后，科士达UPS电源从旁路供电状态切换到逆变器供电状态，逆变器指示灯绿色常亮，科士达UPS电源进入正常模式运行。

如果您企业的数据中心不能保证24/7全天候提供服务，那么您的业务可能不会保持长期正常的运转。我们生活在一个始终不间断运营的商业环境中，最终用户需要随时随地的访问他们所需要的应用程序。

您企业需要增强数据中心的弹性和可靠性。本文中，我们将与您分享有关不间断电源(UPS)安装的安全要求和技巧，以及提高电源可靠性的一些技巧。

在今天的24/7全天候运营的商业大环境中，“永远保持在线运行”的业务环境、可靠性和韧性始终是关键任务设施的首要任务。然而，这方面的目标极有可能受到这些设施的日常使用和运行的实际方面的威胁。

有鉴于此，来自Eaton公司的业界专家们将在本文中为您提供对数据中心配电系统的全面了解;其借鉴了该公司在这些领域多年的经验，提供了教科书可能无法提供的相关设计指导和实用性的提示，但却有助于显著提升您企业系统的可靠性、电源可用性和正常运行时间，同时确保安全性和对于相关标准的遵守。

数据中心配电系统作为一个整体是从可用电源延伸而来的——其通常往往是从变压器、发电机和科士达UPS电源输入，然后通过交换设备、断路器进入到所支持的ICT、冷却设备和相关负载进行输出。因此，我们不仅要了解与电力设备的每个项目相关的问题，还有必要了解这些项目是如何相互影响的。而鉴于这些项目之间的相互影响还可能随着数据中心负载的变化而变化的本质属性，使得我们对于这方面需要特别注意。

在正常运行和发生故障的两种情况下，保持安全和消除人员和设备的风险无疑是至关重要的。同时还需要考虑电弧，注意其危险性及如何缓解。在本文中，我们将看到同时具备变压器和发电机的电力系统的设计应该能够处理过载的电流和短路条件以及额定运行，尤其注意三极和四极开关的影响、静态旁路、不同的断路器类型和选择性问题。与此同时，电力基础设施未来增长的相关影响也被考虑了——当模块被添加到可扩展系统时，发生故障情况和选择性问题应如何解决?还讨论了如何最大限度地减少人为误差所造成的影响，并回顾了通过互锁实现的保护。

文章中还探讨了必须防止静态开关故障引起的反向馈电电流;借助现代科士达UPS电源系统减轻这些现象，以及过载条件，特别是阶跃变化，以及整流器电流限制。文中还涉及到相关的国际安全立法。在正常运行、维护期间及发生故障的不同条件下的科士达UPS电源操作的详细考虑因素;系统的可用性和对关键负载的保护及安全性的影响将凸显在开始任何新的科士达UPS电源安装或升级之前，咨询经验丰富的科士达UPS电源供应商的可行性。

虽然本文第一部分着眼于配电，但其重点是科士达UPS电源。而在接下来的几个部分中，则涵盖了UPS和配电主题;馈线和优化，三极和四极开关和选择性问题。总的来说，本文将为大家提供关于如何提高数据中心可靠性和安全性的相关知识，以及如何防止不必要的停机中断。

在动态环境中保持最新状态

最关键应用程序的管理人员发现自己需要不断地在可靠性与投资之间进行最佳平衡。伴随着新课题的出现，相关的焦点也随之出现频繁的变化;这方面的例子包括抗震性、环境硫磺污染、EMI、散热、职责的转换等等。

反向馈电保护(Backfeed protection) 立法

反向馈电保护是由《IEC 62040-1:2008不间断电源系统(UPS) 标准》的第1部分:《UPS使用的一般要求和安全要求》所规定的。该标准也是欧洲规范，并规定了带有法律强制性要求，以确保UPS安装过程中维修人员的安全。该标准允许反向馈电保护的两种替代方案;在UPS内安装一款内部反向馈电隔离装置，或安装外部输入线路隔离装置，只在UPS内部执行反馈检测和控制，同时在安全标准描述的相关开关设备中需要警告标签。当输入电源丢失时，反馈保护装置必须在15秒内通过分离的方式将电源中任何永久连接的UPS的输出隔离，以防止在上游导致可能的危险电压。请注意， “反馈”这一术语和本文中涉及到的人员安全和危险电压或能量要求，并不是有时被误认为的反向功率流。

重要的是要理解，包括半导体和晶闸管的静态开关以及相关联的控制和缓冲电路可能不能为上游电气网络的安全维护提供足够的隔离，即使其正如企业所预期的那样工作。当静态开关晶闸管的门极信号(gate signal)关闭并且不通过电源时，电路可能会在上游泄漏一些电压和电流，其足以对人员造成危害。因此，反向馈电保护主要是在正常运行条件下用于UPS系统，而不仅仅是经常被认为的故障情况。

图1：具有内部反馈保护装置的科士达UPS电源与左侧静态旁路开关串联;外部输入线隔离装置的原理在右边实现。

如果依赖于一款外部设备，则该要求将涉及到安装，而不是产品本身。在这种情况下，履行最低立法要求的责任在于电气承包商或安装业主，他们对科士达UPS电源设备和安装产品的特定安全标准要求可能缺乏足够的了解。

如果外部连接的反馈保护装置在存储能量模式下工作