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选配科士达UPS电源需注意5因素

选配科士达UPS电源注意5因素

确定所需科士达UPS电源的容量:计算所有的负载总和S=S1+S2+……+Sn单位:VA。选取科士达UPS电源的容量≥S÷0.8(考虑UPS的抗冲击能力及扩容需要)。

确定所需科士达UPS电源的类型:根据负载对输出稳定度、切换时间、输出波形确定是选择在线式、在线互动式、后备式。在线式科士达UPS电源的输出稳定度、瞬间响应能力比另外两种强,对非线性负载的适应能力也较强。对一些较精密的设备及较重要的设备要求采用在线式科士达UPS电源。如果要使用发电机配短延时科士达UPS电源,推荐用在线式科士达UPS电源,因为普通发电机的电压及频率稳定性较差,用在线互动式及后备式可能导致工作不正常。某些品牌的科士达UPS电源(在线式)不能与发电机匹配,会转旁路供电,购买时要了解清楚。

确定所需电池后备时间:根据掉电后,设备所需的工作时间而定。长延时型的电池其成本可能超过科士达UPS电源主机本身。由于电池的高价值,出现较多的仿冒品,要选择信誉度高的供货商,这对UPS系统的可靠性很关键。

附加功能:为了提高系统的可靠性,建议采用科士达UPS电源冗余系统,可以考虑串联热备份或并联热冗余。小容量的UPS(1~2KVA)还可以选用冗余开关。可以选用远程监控面板,实现在远端监视和控制科士达UPS电源的工作。可以选用监控软件,实现计算机和科士达UPS电源之间的智能化管理。可以选用网络适配器,实现科士达UPS电源的网络化管理(基于SNMP)。在某些多雨多雷地区,可以配用防雷器。

售后服务:由于科士达UPS电源较笨重,而且大容量机型接线较复杂,需要上门维护,所以要选择售后服务质量较好的供货商。可以从信誉度、技术实力、服务机构、维修备件等多方面进行考察

任何工作环境下,最常见供电问题的电源保护方法有很多种。你可以从不同级别和不同价格的多种电源保护装置中选择,这些电源保护装置将保护遭遇电源问题威胁的数据和高端设备。

Five factors for attention of Kosta UPS power supply
Determine the required capacity of Kosta UPS power supply: Calculate the total load and S = S1 + S2+... + Sn unit: VA. The capacity of Corstal UPS power supply (> S_0.8) is selected (considering the impact resistance and expansion requirements of UPS).
Determine the type of UPS power supply required: According to the stability of load to output, switching time and output waveform, select on-line, on-line interactive and backup power supply. The output stability and instantaneous response ability of the on-line Corstal UPS power supply are better than the other two, and the adaptability to the non-linear load is also stronger. For some more sophisticated equipment and more important equipment, on-line Corstal UPS power supply is required. If the generator is to be equipped with a short delay Corstal UPS power supply, the on-line Corstal UPS power supply is recommended, because the voltage and frequency stability of ordinary generators is poor, and the on-line interactive and backup power supply may lead to abnormal operation. Some brands of Corstal UPS power supply (on-line) can not match the generator, will turn to bypass power supply, purchase to understand clearly.
Determine the required battery backup time: It depends on the working time of the equipment after power failure. The cost of long-delay batteries may exceed the cost of the Corstal UPS mainframe itself. Because of the high value of batteries and the emergence of more counterfeit products, it is crucial to select suppliers with high reputation for the reliability of UPS system.
Additional functions: In order to improve the reliability of the system, it is recommended to adopt Corstal UPS power supply redundancy system. Series hot backup or parallel hot redundancy can be considered. Small capacity UPS (1 ~ 2KVA) can also choose redundant switches. The remote monitoring panel can be selected to realize the remote monitoring and control of Corstal UPS power supply. Monitoring software can be selected to realize intelligent management between computer and Kosta UPS power supply. The network adapter can be selected to realize the network management of Corstal UPS power supply (based on SNMP). Lightning protectors can be used in some rainy and thundery areas.
After-sales service: Because of the bulky power supply and the complex wiring of large capacity UPS, it needs door-to-door maintenance, so it is necessary to select suppliers with better after-sales service quality. From the credibility, technical strength, service agencies, maintenance spare parts and other aspects of inspection
In any working environment, there are many power protection methods for the most common power supply problems. You can choose from a variety of power protection devices at different levels and at different prices, which will protect data and high-end devices that are threatened by power problems.

通常有三种类型的科士达UPS电源:级别3、级别5和级别9。要选择适合你的UPS,首先要决定需要保护的电源级别。显而易见,最理想的方法是通过级别9的科士达UPS电源保护,它针对所有的电源问题,提供完全的电源保护。但是,也可能应用的电源的质量很高,或者不是非常高端的负荷,再或者预算考虑迫使一个折中的方案。所以,不是所有情况都可以选择级别9的科士达UPS电源

级别3的科士达UPS电源技术

级别3的科士达UPS电源是备用或非在线设计,在电力供应中断、电力凹陷和电力浪涌时,提供一个低价格的解决方案。在正常运行朝问提供市政电源。市政电压和频率变化不能通过级别3的科士达UPS电源来调整,这个电压和频率的变化会通过设备。当电压和频率变化变得太严重时,级别3的UPS逆变器把直流电池电源转换成交流电源来运行设备。级别3的科士达UPS电源提供的保护可以使运行不受简单的电源问题影响。

你怎样才能知道你是否有一个级别3的科士达UPS电源?

用来描述一个级别3的UPS术语是"UPS支持"或“UPS备份"(备份UPS)。大多数的模式都不提供一个“纯正的正弦波形”,它是一个向“正弦波形的渐进”。运行时间通常受内部电池的限制(在大多数

情况,满负荷运行3-8分钟)。在大多数情况下,转换给电池时,有一个3-5毫秒的延迟。价格根据品牌不同,通常是50-300美元。额定容量通常的范围是350-15OOVA。

一个级别3的UPS典型的应用是什么?

最通常的使用是家庭pc、工作站和其它非高端的设备。

级别5的科士达UPS电源技术

级别5的科士达UPS电源提供在线互动式技术,并且提供一个中间价格的基本的电源保护。级别5的UPS除了在电力供应中断时提供保护外,在电力凹陷和电源不稳时,也提供保护,防止欠压和过电压。这种设计是:在市政电压通过你的电子系统之前,向上或向下"冲击"市政电压,提供低级的电压调整。在科士达UPS电源电压变化期间,级别5使用了电池来调整。

尽管级别5的科士达UPS电源比级别3的科士达UPS电源提供了更多的电压调整,但是电池寿命经常还是问题。在灯光暗淡和电力高峰期间,转换到和转换出级别5的电池的次数要超过级别9的次数差不多10到1。

你怎样才能知道你是否有一个级别5的科士达UPS电源?

最常见的用来描述一个级别5的科士达UPS电源的技术是"在线互动式"或"敏捷的UPS"。一些制造商可以将术语"敏捷的UPS"用于他们的在线互动式(级别5)和在线(级别9)的UPS。大多数的模式确实提供了"纯正的正弦波形"输出。一些模式可能通过使用额外的电池组,提供延长的运行时间。价格根据品牌不同,通常是150-5000美元。额定容量通常的范围是500-5000VA。

一个级别5的科士达UPS电源典型的应用是什么?

最通常的使用是家庭pc和电力缺乏环境中的工作站、电力良好环境中的一些服务器、非高端的服务器和设备。

级别9的科士达UPS电源技术

级别g的科士达UPS电源被设计用来提供完全的电源保护。这些在线UPS能够对所有类型的电源问题提供保护。它们连续使用变极器,制造出100%新的、干净的、规则的交流电。当通过一个在线的双倍转换UPS

供电时,设备会远离所有类型的电源问题。

Usually there are three types of Corstal UPS power supply: Level 3, Level 5 and Level 9. To choose the right UPS for you, you first need to determine the level of power you need to protect. Obviously, the best way to do this is to provide full power protection for all power supply problems through a 9-level Corstal UPS power supply protection. However, it may also be that the quality of the power supply used is high, or that it is not a very high-end load, or that budgetary considerations force a compromise. Therefore, not all cases can choose level 9 Corstal UPS power supply.
Class 3 Corstal UPS Power Supply Technology
Class 3 Corstal UPS power supply is standby or off-line designed to provide a low-cost solution when power supply is interrupted, power sags and power surges occur. Provide municipal power supply during normal operation. Municipal voltage and frequency variations cannot be adjusted by Level 3 Corstal UPS power supply, and this voltage and frequency variations will pass through the equipment. When voltage and frequency changes become too serious, Level 3 UPS inverters convert DC battery power into AC power to run the equipment. Class 3 Corstal UPS power supply provides protection against simple power problems.
How do you know if you have a Class 3 Corstal UPS power supply?
The term UPS used to describe a level 3 is "UPS support" or "UPS backup" (backup UPS). Most modes do not provide a "pure sinusoidal waveform", which is a gradual process to "sinusoidal waveform". Running time is usually limited by internal batteries (in most cases)
Conditions, full load operation for 3-8 minutes. In most cases, there is a delay of 3-5 milliseconds when converting to batteries. Prices vary by brand, usually between $50 and $300. The normal range of rated capacity is 350-15OOVA.
What are the typical applications of UPS at Level 3?
The most common uses are home pcs, workstations and other non-high-end devices.
Class 5 Corstal UPS Power Supply Technology
Level 5 Corstal UPS provides online interactive technology and provides a basic power protection at an intermediate price. In addition to providing protection in case of power supply interruption, UPS level 5 also provides protection in case of power sag and power instability to prevent under-voltage and over-voltage. This design is: before the municipal voltage passes through your electronic system, the municipal voltage is "impacted" upward or downward to provide low-level voltage adjustment. Level 5 uses batteries to adjust during changes in the supply voltage of Corstal UPS.
Although Class 5 Corstal UPS provides more voltage adjustment than Class 3 Corstal UPS, battery life is often a problem. During dim lighting and peak power periods, the number of batteries converted to and from level 5 exceeded level 9 by about 10 to 1.
How do you know if you have a level 5 Corstal UPS power supply?
The most common technology used to describe a level 5 Corstal UPS power supply is "online interactive" or "agile UPS". Some manufacturers can use the term "agile UPS" for their online interactive (level 5) and online (level 9) UPS. Most modes do provide "pure sinusoidal" output. Some modes may provide extended operating time by using additional battery packs. Prices vary by brand, usually between $150 and $5000. The normal range of rated capacity is 500-5000VA.
What are the typical applications of a level 5 Corstal UPS power supply?
The most common use is the lack of workstations in home PCs and power environments, servers in good power environments, non-high-end servers and devices.
Class 9 Corstal UPS Power Supply Technology
Class g Corstal UPS power supply is designed to provide full power protection.  These online UPS can provide protection against all types of power problems. They continuously use pole changers to produce 100% new, clean, regular alternating current. When UPS is converted through an online double conversion
When power is supplied, the equipment will be far away from all types of power supply problems.

级别9的科士达UPS电源使设备远离谐波失真。对于在主要

计算机制造商的说明书和安装指南中要求必须满足5%的最大谐波要求的高端应用,强烈推荐使用级9的科士达UPS电源

在你决定购买级别9的科士达UPS电源时,电池保存是一个基本的问题。级别9的UPS比其它任何UPS技术使用的电池少,增加了你的科士达UPS电源电池的寿命。

你怎样才能知道你是否有一个级别g的科士达UPS电源?

用来描述级别9的科士达UPS电源最常见的术语是"在线"、"双倍转换"或"敏捷的UPS"。一些制造商可能使用术语敏捷科士达UPS电源,表示在线互动式和在线科士达UPS电源。大多数的模式确实提供了"纯正的正弦波形"输出。大多

数模式通过使用额外的电池组,提供延长的运行时间。在所有的情况中,不会发生电力中断。价格根据品牌不同,单项UPS通常是500-30000美元。单项UPS的额定容量通常的范围是500-2OKVA。三项UPS的额定容量通常的范围是从200OOVA到10K-5OOKVA。

电池均衡的基本原理是当电池处于浮充状态时,通过外部均衡模块的控制,对电池进行放电或充电,使每节电池的电压都接近平均电压值,达到整组电池电压均衡的目的。但在实际应用过程中,针对不同的电池,该技术是否能延长电池的寿命或反而损坏电池能?

1、一但均衡模块出现故障,电池实际电压为正常的2.25V,但均衡模块检测到为2.0V,这样就会不断的给电池充电,造成电池因过充而损坏。反之,均衡模块检测到为2.4V,就不断的给电池放电,造成电池过放而损坏。

2、对于运行了几年的电池组来说,内阻会出现离散性,内阻较高的电池需要更高的浮冲电压才能将其充满,如果均衡模块将其电压调整到正常的电压,会造成电池长期欠充而损坏。

因此,电池均衡会给整个电源系统造成不可预测的安全风险,目前应该弊大于利此技术很多场合不值的采用。

科士达UPS电源开关电源的使用注意事项:

1、科士达UPS电源的电源输出方式有方波和正弦波两种,分别适应不同的负载

正弦波输出的科士达UPS电源适合阻性和感性负载,我们通常所见到的灯泡,电炉,饭锅等属于阻性负载,电扇,电源变压器(不包括开关电源)属于感性负载。适用的范围宽,当然其价格也要高一些。

方波输出的科士达UPS电源一般只适合阻性负载,其携带负载的能力低,当负载过重时,其电压衰减会很大。所以当我们选购UPS电源时,一般按UPS输出功率的50%来计算其实际的负载功率。臂如:我们使用一台电脑主机250W(实际工作时只有150W左右),一台17寸显示器(80W),一台喷墨打印机(30W),这时我们就可以选用500W的UPS电源。

2、科士达UPS电源定期充放电

很多用户在把科士达UPS电源买回来后,加电使用后,就再也不管了,到了某一天电源不能启动了,才知道科士达UPS电源坏了,这时拿去维修。其实科士达UPS电源内部的免维修铅蓄电池也是需要定期充放电的,只有这样才可以充分使用。科士达UPS电源内部的电瓶其进口的寿命可达5-10年,国产的也能达到2-3年,但是实际使用中,一般用不了一年或一年多一点就不能用了,就需要更换蓄电池了呢?如果科士达UPS电源每个月对其充放电一次,在不过压意外损坏的情况下,其寿命可达3-5年没有问题,科士达UPS电源的寿命主要决定于内部的蓄电池。

Cautions for the use of Kosta UPS power supply switching power supply:
1. The output mode of Corstal UPS power supply includes square wave and sine wave, which can adapt to different loads.
The Corstal UPS power supply with sinusoidal output is suitable for resistive and inductive loads. The bulbs, electric furnaces and rice cookers we usually see belong to resistive loads, fans, power transformers (excluding switching power supply) belong to inductive loads. The scope of application is wide, but the price is also higher.
Square-wave output Corstal UPS power supply is generally only suitable for resistive load, which has low load carrying capacity. When the load is too heavy, its voltage attenuation will be very large. So when we choose UPS power supply, we usually calculate its actual load power according to 50% of the output power of UPS. Arms such as: We use a computer mainframe 250W (only about 150 W in actual work), a 17-inch display (80W), an inkjet printer (30W), then we can choose 500W UPS power supply.
2. COSTAR UPS Power Supply Charges and Discharges Periodically
Many users buy the Kosta UPS power supply back, after power-up, they will no longer care, until one day the power supply can not start, they know that the Kosta UPS power supply is broken, then take it to repair. In fact, the maintenance-free lead-acid batteries in the Corstal UPS power supply also need to be charged and discharged regularly, only in this way can they be fully used. The life of the batteries in the UPS power supply can reach 5-10 years, and that of the domestic batteries can reach 2-3 years. However, in actual use, the batteries need to be replaced after less than one year or more. If the UPS power supply is charged and discharged once a month, the life of the batteries can reach 3-5 years without over-voltage accidental damage, there is no problem. The life of UPS power supply mainly depends on the internal battery.

3、如果使用扩充电瓶,增加后备时间时,其扩充电瓶不能使用原科士达UPS电源的充电变压器,需另加充电部分有的用户为了延长科士达UPS电源的后备时间,可能会添加后备蓄电池,这时有一些问题需要考虑。

1。后备蓄电池的充电问题。

2。科士达UPS电源逆变电路的散热问题。因为科士达UPS电源在设计时,依据其后备工作时间和设计形状,其选用的逆变管和散热器都是有一定条件的,而不是可以无限制的改变的。当我们需要把后备式的科士达UPS电源改成在线式时,必须考虑散热问题,否则逆变管会因长时间工作,散热不良而烧毁。另外如果直接把扩充电瓶并在内部电瓶上使用,原来的充电电路会因负荷过重而烧毁。

4、科士达UPS电源有在线式和后备式两种,购买时要根据自己的需要

在线式科士达UPS电源工作时始终使用内部的逆变电路为用户提供稳定的电力能源供应,无论市电电压是否稳定或断续。当市电停电后,由后备的蓄电池提供能源。在线式一般用大型的高端设备,不允许停电的场合。

后备式,我们见得多一些,能够为我们在断电后提供5-10分钟的时间,供用户完成存盘和紧急的工作。一般体积小巧,蓄电池和逆变电路是做在一起的。一般的电脑用户购买后备式的就可以了。目前市场上销售的小型的科士达UPS电源都是后备式。

1科士达UPS电源分类方法

UPS的分类方法很多,按储能方式大致可分为动态UPS和静态UPS,动态UPS和静态UPS又可以细分为后备式、在线互动式、在线双转换式等;从技术上又有工频和高频之分,高频机中又细分为塔式高频机和模块化高频机。

(1)动态科士达UPS电源分类

动态UPS是通过旋转部件释放动能,其典型代表是飞轮UPS。飞轮UPS在市场上的应用主要有如下几种:

①在线双变换式飞轮UPS

The heat dissipation problem of the UPS power supply inverters in Costa Rica. Because in the design of Corstal UPS power supply, according to its backup working time and design shape, the selection of inverters and radiators is conditional, rather than unlimited change. When we need to change the backup UPS power supply to on-line mode, we must consider the issue of heat dissipation, otherwise the inverters will burn out because of long working hours and poor heat dissipation. In addition, if the expansion battery is directly used on the internal battery, the original charging circuit will be burnt down due to excessive load.
4. Corstal UPS power supply has two types: on-line and backup. When purchasing, it should be based on its own needs.
On-line Corstal UPS power supply always uses internal inverters to provide users with stable power supply, regardless of whether the market voltage is stable or intermittent. When the power is cut off in the city, the backup batteries provide energy. On-line type usually uses large-scale high-end equipment, and no power outage is allowed.
Backup, we see more, can provide us with 5-10 minutes after power failure, for users to complete inventory and urgent work. Generally small size, batteries and inverters are made together. Ordinary computer users can buy back-up models. At present, the small-scale UPS power supply in the market is backup.
1 Corstal UPS Power Source Classification Method
There are many classifications of UPS, which can be roughly divided into dynamic UPS and static UPS according to the way of energy storage. Dynamic UPS and static UPS can be subdivided into backup, online interactive, online dual conversion, etc. Technically, there are power and high frequencies, and high frequencies are subdivided into tower and modular high frequencies.
(1) Dynamic Costa UPS Power Source Classification
Dynamic UPS releases kinetic energy through rotating components, and its typical representative is flywheel UPS. Flywheel UPS is mainly used in the market as follows:
On-line Dual-Transform flywheel UPS

该结构使用飞轮代替了电池进行储能,需要搭配传统UPS,因此应用比较局限。图1给出了在线双变换式飞轮UPS的组成。

②旋转在线式飞轮UPS

图2为旋转在线式飞轮UPS的组成。该解决方案替代传统UPS。

耦合扼流圈主要功能是实现电能转换、补偿和滤波。核心部件是M/G电动-发电机,市电正常时作为电动机带动飞轮(给飞轮充电),市电异常时飞轮放电,作为发电机,完全是机械式取代电力子变换,没有电力电子变换的精确控制,电网适应性和逆变出的电能质量会变差。

③在线互动式飞轮UPS

该方案替代传统UPS+电池方案。图3为在线互动式飞轮UPS的组成。其工作原理同在线互动式UPS,类似一个有源滤波器,可实现简单的滤波和稳压功能,拓扑简单,效率较高。但是电网适应性和输出性能指标明显偏差。

④三种动态科士达UPS电源抗电网*能力对比

以上是三种比较典型的动态UPS,表1对这三种动态UPS抗电网*能力做一个简单的对比。

从表1可以看出,在线双变换式飞轮科士达UPS电源是抗*能力最强的,但是这种飞轮UPS必须搭配传统UPS进行使用,应用比较局限,目前国内应用最多的是在线互动式飞轮UPS。

(2)静态科士达UPS电源分类

静态UPS以电池为储能工具。从工作原理分类来说,常见的静态UPS主要有后备式、在线互动式、Delta变换式以及在线双变换式四种。

①后备式科士达UPS电源

后备式科士达UPS电源只有在供电异常时才启动逆变器,正常供电时,无法对市电电网问题进行调节,供电质量相对较差,但其效率较高。

该架构多用于容量小于3kVA的UPS,结构简单,一般备电时间在10min左右,通常是方波输出,主要应用场景是PC机等。图4为后备式科士达UPS电源的原理图。

②互动式科士达UPS电源

互动式科士达UPS电源相比后备式而言,增加了稳压环节,供电质量好于后备式UPS。其成本低、电路比较简单,但是无法消除输入失真和*。并且切换时有转换时间。该架构应用于功率容量5kVA以下的小容量UPS,通常是方波输出或模拟正弦波输出。多用于对PC或办公设备提供保护。图5为在线互动式UPS的原理图。

③Delta变换式科士达UPS电源

Delta变换式科士达UPS电源的核心为Delta变换器和主变换器。图6为Delta变换式UPS的原理图。

Delta变换器的作用是:控制输入电流,是一个高阻正弦波电流源;控制电流充电;补偿输入电压,保证输出电压稳定不变;控制调整输入功率因数。

主变换器的作用是:控制并稳定输出电压,是一个低内阻正弦波电压源;给电池充电;市电掉电时,向负载供电;市电正常时,补偿负载电流中的无功和谐波成分。

从Delta变换器和主变换器的作用可以看出,Delta变换式UPS对输入调节能力更强,当然,结构也比在线互动式复杂。该架构应用于功率容量20~200kVA的UPS,输出为正弦波。

④在线双变换式科士达UPS电源

在线双变换式科士达UPS电源能为负载提供很完美的保护,可以滤除电网中几乎所有的*和谐波,缺点是架构复杂,一般成本较高。该架构应用于功率容量为1~1200kVA的UPS;与以上几个架构对比,其可靠性最高。目前80%的科士达UPS电源均采用该架构,输出为标准正弦波,主要对IT负载或其它行业重要负载提供保护。图7为在线双变换式科士达UPS电源的原理图。

科士达UPS电源的工作状态有多种,分别为主路模式、静态旁路模式、电池模式以及维修旁路模式。在线双变换式UPS从架构还分为工频机和高频机。

(3)静态科士达UPS电源抗电网*能力对比

表2为上述四种静态UPS架构抗电网*能力的对比。可以看出,在线双变换式UPS是抗电网*能力最强的。

(4)动态与静态科士达UPS电源的对比

静态科士达UPS电源与动态UPS最大的区别在于其储能方式,一个是电池储能,一个是飞轮储能,表3对比这两种储能方式的优劣。

从表3可以看出蓄电池储能与飞轮储能各有优劣,但是飞轮储能的后备时间一般仅有15s,这使得其使用场景受到很大的限制。



通过以上两个对比我们可以得出如下结论:

①与传统科士达UPS电源相比,飞轮UPS在节能、环保等方面具备一定优势;

②飞轮科士达UPS电源由于固有的缺陷,应用存在局限性:备电时间短,仅15s,油机启动失败会造成严重停电事故;价格昂贵,且必须与油机配合使用,增加了初始投资;系统复杂,需要原厂专业维护,维护成本高;电网适应性差,输入输出性能指标都不如在线双变换式科士达UPS电源

基于上述分析,飞轮UPS仅适用于以下场景:可接受新技术的绿色环保型供电系统;电网质量很好、较少有断电事故、系统可靠性要求不高的场合。

2科士达UPS电源高频机与工频机的对比分析

静态UPS目前应用最广泛的是在线双变换式UPS,这也是抗*能力最强的静态UPS,而在线双变换式UPS从产生至今也经过了从工频机到高频机的演进。

(1)工频与高频介绍

工频科士达UPS电源即基于变压器的UPS(Transformer-basedUPS),因早期使用SCR半控器件整流,工作频率与电网频率一致而得名。

高频UPS即无需变压器的UPS(Transformer-lessUPS),高频UPS相比于传统工频UPS,因整流频率在10kHz以上而得名。

工频科士达UPS电源在发展过程中,从SCR整流变为IGBT整流,并且不再使用隔离变压器。因此虽然从名称上看工频与高频是基于频率来命名,但是业内一般用有无隔离变压器来做区别。

(2)工频科士达UPS电源的演进

工频科士达UPS电源从出现至今,经历过表5所示的几次发展与变化。


现代工频科士达UPS电源已经是使用IGBT整流的、加了隔离变压器的高频UPS。

(3)工频到高频发展的原因

从工频到高频,探究其发展原因,主要有以下两点:

①市场的需求。随着节能减排、绿色等要求的提出,要求科士达UPS电源更高效,另一方面也要求安装维护更方便,这些因素推动整个科士达UPS电源架构的发展;

②技术的进步。一方面是器件技术的进步,硅进铜退,在经历了MOSFET、IGBT等功率器件的更新换代、DSP与数字电路的广泛应用、LLC、软开关、三电平逆变等新拓扑的逐渐成熟后,高频化、数字化、智能化已成为电子产品的主流趋势。“铜”所代表的变压器、滤波电感等传统模拟电路器件正逐渐被“硅”所代表的各种单片机、控制芯片、新型半导体功率器件等数字电路器件所代替。另一方面软件的迅速发展也使得数字电路技术可以替代部分模拟技术的功能。

(4)科士达UPS电源工频机与高频机对比

可以从以下几方面对工频机与高频机进行对比:

①可靠性,高频机的可靠性不弱于工频机

高频机发展至今,在可靠性上已经不弱于工频机,甚至犹有胜之,见表6;


②环境适应性,高频机要优于工频机

高频机是以微处理器作为处理控制中心,将繁杂的硬件模拟电路烧录于微处理器中,以软件程序的方式来控制科士达UPS电源的运行。因此,体积、重量等方面都有明显的降低,噪音也较小,对空间、环境影响小;

③投资角度,高频机要优于工频机

从设备本身投资角度考虑,二者相差不大(部分厂家高频机价格好,部分厂家工频机价格有优势),但综合考虑二者的效率、柴油机配比等问题,从整体投资角度,高频机要优于工频机。

例如,某著名厂商的工频机(12脉冲+11次谐波滤波器),其建议和柴油发电机组的最低配比为1:1.4。而同样该厂商的高频机,和柴油发电机组的配比理想状态为1:1(通常考虑1:1.1);

④节能角度,高频机要优于工频机

现在市场上各厂商产品,高频机的半载效率普遍优于工频机,通常高频机半载效率可达94%,而工频机半载效率一般为88%左右;

⑤工频机体积重量大,安装施工困难

由于变压器的存在,工频机的占地面积和重量大大超过同功率下的高频机,由此造成安装施工困难,增加安装施工成本。

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